Instant of Time
Vimala Sarma
Dear Friends
Is there a difference between kSaNa, lava, and muhUrta? If so can someone please explain this. In a Buddhist text the compound "tena kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" appears.
Vimala
Vimala Sarma
My new e-mail is sarma...@gmail.com
Hnbhat B.R.
Hnbhat B.R.
Dear Friends
Is there a difference between kSaNa, lava, and muhUrta? If so can someone please explain this. In a Buddhist text the compound "tena kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" appears.
Vimala
Vimala Sarma
Ajit Gargeshwari
Division of the day according to various sources.
The Puranas
15 nimesha = 1 kastha
30 kastha = 1 kala
30 kala = 1 muhurta
30 muhurta = 1 day or nycthemeron
Surya Siddantha
10 gurvakshara = 1 prana
1 prana = 1 vinadi
60 vinadi = 1 nadi, nadika or ghatika
60 nadi = 1 day
Vedanga Jyotisa
5 aksharas = 1 kastha
124 kasthas = 1 kala = 305/201 prasthas
10.05 kalas = 1 nadika
2 nadikas = 1muhurta = 30.5 prasthas
Traveler Yaun Zhaung
20 kshanas = 1 tatkshana
50 tatkshana = 1lava
30 lavas =1 muhurta
5 muhurtas= 1 time
6times = 1 nyethemeron
Jain Saint Mahaviracharya
7uchchhavas = 1stoka
7stokas =1 lava
38.5 lavas =1 Ghati
2 Ghatis =1 muhurta
30 muhurta = 1 day
Traveler Al-Biruni
6 prana = 1 cashaka
15 cashaka = 1 kshana
4 Kshanas =1 ghati
60 ghatis = 1 nyethemeron
In his Abhidharma Shunzeng describes units of time. The day was divided in fornoon, noo and afternoon. Night was devided into three watches (trimaya) The shortest interval of time was Kshana. The time taken by a woman to spin one hsun of thread. it also refereed to an 'instant' or blink on an eye. This term is still is colloquial use.
Instruments to measure time during Varahamihira and other included sundial (chhaya yantra), wter and sand clocks. The siddhanta shiromani also describes vaiation of sun dial yashti yantra.
The basic unit of time is a nalaka, defined as the time taken by one adhaka( 1-87 kgs or liters) of water to flow out of a pot through a hole of the same diameter as that of a wire 4 angulas long made oout of 4 mashas of gold. The hole wold be approximatel 0.6 mm.
Sub division of Nalka
Tuta = 16/100ths of a second
2 tuthas = 1 lava = 12/100 of a second
2 lavas = 1 nimesha 24/100th of a second
5 nimesha =1 Kashta = 1.2 seconds
30 Kashtas = 1 Kala= 36 seconds
40 klas =1 Nalika = 24 minutes
2 Nalikas =1 Muhurtha = 48 minutes
15 Muhuttha = 1 day or night= 12 hours
- 15 twinklings of the eye = 1 Kásht́há
- 30 Kásht́hás = 1 Kalá
- 30 Kalás = 1 Muhúrtta
- 30 Muhúrttas = 1 day (24 hours)
- 30 days = 1 month
- 6 months = 1 Ayana
- 2 Ayanas = 1 year or one day (day + night) of the gods
Small units of time used in the Vedas
- a trasarenu is the combination of 6 celestial atoms.
- a truti is the time needed to integrate 3 trasarenus, or 1/1687.5th of a second.
- a vedha is 100 trutis.
- a lava is 3 vedhas.
- a nimesha is 3 lavas, or a blink.
- a kshanas is 3 nimeshas.
- a kashthas is 5 kshanas, or about 8 seconds.
- a laghu is 15 kashthas, or about 2 minutes.
- 15 laghus make one nadika, which is also called a danda. This equals the time before water overflows in a six-pala-weight [fourteen ounce] pot of copper, in which a hole is bored with a gold probe weighing four masha and measuring four fingers long. The pot is then placed on water for calculation.
- 2 dandas make one muhurta.
- 6 or 7 dandas make one yamah, or 1/4th of a day or night.
- 4 praharas or 4 yamas are in each day or each night
| Mbh.3.289.14160 | And Vasishtha and Vamadeva then together installed that hero in the sovereignty of Ayodhya at the eighth Muhurta of the day under the asterism called Sravana. |
| Mbh.12.136.7613 | Diverse are the divisions of time, such as Kashtha, Kala, Muhurta, day, night, Lava, month, fortnight, the six seasons, Kalpa, year. |
| Mbh.12.230.14287 | Thirty Kalas, with the tenth part of a Kala added, make what is known as a Muhurta. |
| Mbh.13.14.1170 | One that has not obtained the grace of Mahadeva can never succeed to devote oneself to Mahadeva for a single day or for half a day or for a Muhurta or for a Kshana or for a Lava very small unit of time. |
| Mbh.13.104.9289 | One should wake up from sleep at the hour known as the Brahma Muhurta and then think of both religion and profit. |
P V Kane in his History Of Dharmashastra Deals with the concept of kSaNa, lava, and muhUrta. Please refer 463-718 in Volume 5 part 1. It available at Digital Libraray of India Website.
Please see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_units_of_measurement
http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:lava
Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine by Helaine Selin
Regards
Ajit Gargeshwari
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Vimala Sarma
Ajita Mahodaya
This is very comprehensive, Ajit Ji, thanks very much. Thank you Bhat Mahodaya also.
So " kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" would be something like "in the flash of the moment of the hour" in English.
dhanyavāda
Ajit Gargeshwari
Source: Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede
laya : [m.] a brief measure of time.
Description:
Laya [cp. Sk. laya: see līyati] 1. a brief measure of time, usually combd with other expressions denoting a short moment, esp. frequent as khaṇa laya muhutta Vin i.12; iii.92; A iv.137; cp. Dpvs i.16 (khaṇe khaṇe laye Buddho sabbalokaŋ avekkhati). -- Vism 136 (īsakam pi layaŋ yantaŋ paggaṇheth' eva mānasaŋ). -- 2. time in music, equal time, rhythm Dāvs iv.50; VvA 183 (dvādasannaŋ laya -- bhedānaŋ vasena pabheda).
Description:
kṣaṇa: Moment; the shortest unit of time. 'Every thought-moment.' (1) Every moment. (2) Every thought; continuous thought (kṣana, citta-kṣana).
Source: A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera, Concise
Pali-English and English-Pali Dictionary
Description:
muhuttena : [adv.] in a moment.
lava : (m.) vilīna-pāsāṇa.
lava [fr. lū] a small particle, a drop VvA 253 (lavanka a small mark); Sdhp 105 (˚odaka).
Please see
http://glossary.buddhistdoor.com/search
http://www.dsbcproject.org/node/4219
http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/4622
So, if one knows the precise context in which tena kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" appears the translation will be more accurate.
Regards
Ajit Gargeshwari
Prabhakara Das
1000th part of 96 seconds!
On 05/04/2012, Ajit Gargeshwari <ajit.gar...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Source: Pali-English Dictionary, TW Rhys Davids, William Stede
>
> *laya *: *[m.] *a brief measure of time.
>
> Description:
>
> Laya [cp. Sk. laya: see līyati] 1. a brief measure of time, usually
> combd with other expressions denoting a short moment, esp. frequent as
> *khaṇa
> laya muhutta* Vin i.12; iii.92; A iv.137; cp. Dpvs i.16 (khaṇe khaṇe laye
> Buddho sabbalokaŋ avekkhati). -- Vism 136 (īsakam pi layaŋ yantaŋ
> paggaṇheth' eva mānasaŋ). -- 2. time in music, equal time, rhythm
> Dāvs iv.50; VvA 183 (dvādasannaŋ laya -- bhedānaŋ vasena pabheda).
>
> Description:
>
> *kṣaṇa*: Moment; the shortest unit of time. 'Every thought-moment.' (1)
> Every moment. (2) Every thought; continuous thought (*kṣana*, *citta-kṣana*
> ).
>
> Source: A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera, Concise Pali-English and English-Pali
> Dictionary
>
> Description:
>
> *muhuttena *: *[adv.] *in a moment.
>
>
> *lava : *(m.) vilīna-pāsāṇa.
>
> lava [fr. *lū*] a small particle, a drop VvA 253 (lavanka a small mark);
> Sdhp 105 (˚odaka).
>
>
> Please see
>
> http://glossary.buddhistdoor.com/search
>
> http://www.dsbcproject.org/node/4219
>
> http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/4622
>
>
> So, if one knows the precise context in which tena kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena"
> appears the translation will be more accurate.
>
>
> Regards
>
> Ajit Gargeshwari
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, Apr 6, 2012 at 7:22 AM, Vimala Sarma <vsa...@bigpond.com> wrote:
>
>> Ajita Mahodaya****
>>
>> This is very comprehensive, Ajit Ji, thanks very much. Thank you Bhat
>> Mahodaya also.****
>>
>> So " kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" would be something like "in the flash of the
>> moment of the hour" in English.****
>>
>> dhanyavāda****
>>
>> Vimala****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Vimala Sarma****
>>
>> My new e-mail is sarma...@gmail.com****
>>
>> +612 9699 4414****
>>
>> +61 409 690 220****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> *From:* sams...@googlegroups.com [mailto:sams...@googlegroups.com] *On
>> Behalf Of *Ajit Gargeshwari
>> *Sent:* Friday, 6 April 2012 2:09 AM
>> *To:* sams...@googlegroups.com
>> *Subject:* Re: [Samskrita] Instant of Time****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Division of the day according to various sources.****
>>
>> The Puranas****
>>
>> 15 nimesha = 1 kastha****
>>
>> 30 kastha = 1 kala****
>>
>> 30 kala = 1 muhurta****
>>
>> 30 muhurta = 1 day or nycthemeron****
>>
>> ****
>>
>> Surya Siddantha****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> 10 gurvakshara = 1 prana****
>>
>> 1 prana = 1 vinadi****
>>
>> 60 vinadi = 1 nadi, nadika or ghatika****
>>
>> 60 nadi = 1 day****
>>
>> ****
>>
>> Vedanga Jyotisa ****
>>
>> 5 aksharas = 1 kastha****
>>
>> 124 kasthas = 1 kala = 305/201 prasthas****
>>
>> 10.05 kalas = 1 nadika****
>>
>> 2 nadikas = 1muhurta = 30.5 prasthas****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Traveler Yaun Zhaung****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> 20 kshanas = 1 tatkshana****
>>
>> 50 tatkshana = 1lava****
>>
>> 30 lavas =1 muhurta****
>>
>> 5 muhurtas= 1 time****
>>
>> 6times = 1 nyethemeron****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Jain Saint Mahaviracharya****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> 7uchchhavas = 1stoka****
>>
>> 7stokas =1 lava****
>>
>> 38.5 lavas =1 Ghati****
>>
>> 2 Ghatis =1 muhurta****
>>
>> 30 muhurta = 1 day****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Traveler Al-Biruni****
>>
>> 6 prana = 1 cashaka****
>>
>> 15 cashaka = 1 kshana****
>>
>> 4 Kshanas =1 ghati****
>>
>> 60 ghatis = 1 nyethemeron****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> In his Abhidharma Shunzeng describes units of time. The day was divided in
>> fornoon, noo and afternoon. Night was devided into three watches (trimaya)
>> The shortest interval of time was Kshana. The time taken by a woman to
>> spin
>> one hsun of thread. it also refereed to an 'instant' or blink on an eye.
>> This term is still is colloquial use.****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Instruments to measure time during Varahamihira and other included sundial
>> (chhaya yantra), wter and sand clocks. The siddhanta shiromani also
>> describes vaiation of sun dial yashti yantra.****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> The basic unit of time is a nalaka, defined as the time taken by one
>> adhaka( 1-87 kgs or liters) of water to flow out of a pot through a hole
>> of
>> the same diameter as that of a wire 4 angulas long made oout of 4 mashas
>> of
>> gold. The hole wold be approximatel 0.6 mm.****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Sub division of Nalka****
>>
>> ****
>>
>> Tuta = 16/100ths of a second****
>>
>> 2 tuthas = 1 lava = 12/100 of a second****
>>
>> 2 lavas = 1 nimesha 24/100th of a second****
>>
>> 5 nimesha =1 Kashta = 1.2 seconds****
>>
>> 30 Kashtas = 1 Kala= 36 seconds****
>>
>> 40 klas =1 Nalika = 24 minutes ****
>>
>> 2 Nalikas =1 Muhurtha = 48 minutes ****
>>
>> 15 Muhuttha = 1 day or night= 12 hours****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> - 15 twinklings of the eye = 1 Kásht́há****
>> - 30 Kásht́hás = 1 Kalá****
>> - 30 Kalás = 1 Muhúrtta****
>> - 30 Muhúrttas = 1 day (24 hours)****
>> - 30 days = 1 month****
>> - 6 months = 1 Ayana****
>> - 2 Ayanas = 1 year or one day (day + night) of the gods****
>>
>> Small units of time used in the Vedas****
>>
>> - a *trasarenu* is the combination of 6 celestial *atoms*.****
>> - a *truti* is the time needed to integrate 3 *trasarenus*, or
>> 1/1687.5th of a second.****
>> - a *vedha* is 100 *trutis*.****
>> - a *lava* is 3 *vedhas*.****
>> - a *nimesha* is 3 *lavas*, or a blink.****
>> - a *kshanas* is 3 *nimeshas*.****
>> - a *kashthas* is 5 *kshanas*, or about 8 seconds.****
>> - a *laghu* is 15 *kashthas*, or about 2 minutes.****
>> - 15 *laghus* make one *nadika*, which is also called a *danda*. This
>> equals the time before water overflows in a six-pala-weight [fourteen
>> ounce] pot of copper, in which a hole is bored with a gold probe
>> weighing
>> four masha and measuring four fingers long. The pot is then placed on
>> water
>> for calculation.****
>> - 2 *dandas* make one *muhurta*.****
>> - 6 or 7 *dandas* make one *yamah*, or 1/4th of a day or night.****
>> - 4 *praharas* or 4 *yamas* are in each *day* or each *night*****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> Mbh.3.289.14160****
>>
>> And Vasishtha and Vamadeva then together installed that hero in the
>> sovereignty of Ayodhya at the eighth *Muhurta* of the day under the
>> asterism called Sravana.****
>>
>> Mbh.12.136.7613****
>>
>> Diverse are the divisions of time, such as Kashtha, Kala, *Muhurta*, day,
>> night, Lava, month, fortnight, the six seasons, Kalpa, year.****
>>
>> Mbh.12.230.14287****
>>
>> Thirty Kalas, with the tenth part of a Kala added, make what is known as a
>> *Muhurta*.****
>>
>> Mbh.13.14.1170****
>>
>> One that has not obtained the grace of Mahadeva can never succeed to
>> devote oneself to Mahadeva for a single day or for half a day or for a *
>> Muhurta* or for a Kshana or for a Lava very small unit of time.****
>>
>> Mbh.13.104.9289****
>>
>> One should wake up from sleep at the hour known as the Brahma *Muhurta*and
>> then think of both religion and profit.
>> ****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> P V Kane in his History Of Dharmashastra Deals with the concept of kSaNa,
>> lava, and muhUrta. Please refer 463-718 in Volume 5 part 1. It
>> available at Digital Libraray of India Website.
>>
>> Please see
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_units_of_measurement****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/mbh:lava****
>> Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine by
>> Helaine
>> Selin****
>>
>> Regards****
>>
>> Ajit Gargeshwari****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> On Thu, Apr 5, 2012 at 4:40 PM, Hnbhat B.R. <hnbh...@gmail.com> wrote:***
>> *
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> On Thu, Apr 5, 2012 at 4:01 PM, Vimala Sarma <vsa...@bigpond.com> wrote:**
>> **
>>
>> Dear Friends****
>>
>> Is there a difference between kSaNa, lava, and muhUrta? If so can someone
>> please explain this. In a Buddhist text the compound "tena
>> kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena" appears.****
>>
>> Vimala****
>>
>> ****
>>
>> Vimala Sarma****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> As for the compound, it seems to be adjective for काल or any other word
>> denoting time element in general. But could not be explained in isolation
>> without the complete text or the sentence in which it appears. ****
>>
>>
>> ****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> --
>> *Dr. Hari Narayana Bhat B.R. M.A., Ph.D.,
>> **Research Scholar,*****
>>
>> Ecole française d'Extrême-OrientCentre de Pondichéry****
>>
>> 16 & 19, Rue Dumas****
>>
>> Pondichéry - 605 001****
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> ** **
>>
>> --
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
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>> To post to this group, send email to sams...@googlegroups.com.
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>>
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Vimala Sarma
This is an extract from the Sanghabhedavastu sUtra of the mUlasarvastivādins (Gilgit manuscript).
The context is: After the liberation of one of this disciples Kaundinya, at the moment the of the turning of the wheel of dharma by the Buddha, the proclamation (of the dharma) was heard by the earth yakshas...
bhaumānāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ śabdaṃ śrutvā antarikṣāvacarā yakṣās <tam anuśrāvayanti> cāturmahārājakāyikā devāḥ trāyastriṃśā yāmās tuṣitā nirmāṇaratayaḥ paranirmitavaśavartino devāḥ;
tena kṣaṇena, teṇa lavena, tena muhūrtena, tena kṣaṇalavamuhūrtena (A 392a) yāvad brahmalokaṃ śabdo 'gamat; brahmakāyikā devāḥ śabdam udīrayanti; ghoṣam anuśrāvayanti":
... the yaksas of the middle region (atmosphere) having heard the sound, the devas of the 4 great kings (the four directions), the devas of the 33, and (gods of various other worlds, etc ... ); at the very moment, that instant, that hour, at the fash of that instant of the hour, the sound went as far as Brahmaloka, and gods of the Brahma world heard the proclamation..
Vimala
Vimala Sarma
My new e-mail is sarma...@gmail.com
+612 9699 4414
+61 409 690 220
-----Original Message-----
From: sams...@googlegroups.com [mailto:sams...@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Prabhakara Das
Sent: Saturday, 7 April 2012 1:12 AM
To: sams...@googlegroups.com