Having now made it through my own self-publishing saga as well as
having multiple books published the traditional way, I figured I would
gather my thoughts on the two approaches. I'm probably not going to say
anything that others haven't said, but maybe it'll be said differently
enough to make it interesting!
The TL;DR version: Trad publishing is a great gig, IF (big if) you can
get it, as long as you're cool with someone else running the show.
Self-publishing, YOU run the show – but that word "RUN" is what you'll
be doing, as in "run yourself ragged".
*Traditional Publishing*
Of the two approaches, there is no doubt that traditional publishing is
the easiest. In simplest terms, I send my publisher a finished
manuscript, the publisher sends me money (for the turn-in fee), sometime
later they send me the proofs and I check them, and then they publish
the book. I don't have to do anything else.
Of course, one obvious limitation of this approach is that you, the
author, can't actually just choose to go this route. Traditional
publishers have their own standards and interests, and you have to
convince them that your stuff exceeds these standards and will meet
their interests. If they've never heard of you before, that's gonna be a
hard sell, usually. So in a sense, the "choice" between traditional and
self-publication is a misnomer; sure, to an extent I, or any other
established traditional author, can make that choice, by deciding to not
offer something to my regular publisher and just self-pubbing, but the
vast majority of would-be authors can't reasonably just look at it as a
simple choice.
This is one of the primary reasons for the growth of self-publishing;
not only is traditional publishing an uncertain option, it's also one
that – in general – takes a long time to reach, even if it turns out
that you can and do get the attention and acceptance of a traditional
publishing house.
On the other hand, a proper traditional publishing house (for fiction –
rules are somewhat different in nonfiction areas, and my comments are of
course most germane to genre fiction specifically) offers you a lot of
advantages.
First and foremost is the advance; a real traditional publisher
recognizes that once they're taking your manuscript, they are purchasing
"first rights" (NOTE: More on "rights" in general at the end of this
article). You can never get First Rights back, so traditional publishers
do, and should, provide you with an appropriate amount of money that
both reflects those rights, and the fact that, in the cold hard light of
day, they're betting specifically on YOU as a potential moneymaker.
This is THEIR bet; YOU are offering your manuscript and rights, so they
do not, and should never, be asking you for money for any part of the
publishing process. "Yog's Law: Money flows FROM the Publisher, TO the
Author, and NEVER the other way around." Reread that carefully: if your
publisher EVER asks you for money (rather than simply suggesting, say,
that going to Convention X would be a good idea), they're not acting as
a traditional publisher.
Second, and no less important, is the work that a trad house does. They
provide *everything*. I didn't have to look for a cover artist, or
negotiate their fees; I didn't have to sort through people who might be
decent editors, proofreaders, typesetters, etc. That's all done by the
publisher.
Third are the CONTACTS the publisher provides. One of the true
challenges for a self-publishing author is publicity and distribution;
how do you get your stuff in front of people who care? Even in today's
market, a traditional publisher's reach is vastly greater than most
people appreciate. Even the simple minimum they will do for most
first-time authors – a press release in a couple of the trade journals,
a presentation to book buyers, etc. – is publicity that you as an author
simply could not buy, and if you COULD would be something that would
cost you ten thousand dollars or more. Your book ends up in many, if not
most, bookstores across the country, and is seen by hundreds of key
people in the trade. Never, EVER underestimate this, as I will show you
later.
The major limitation of the traditional publishing route (aside from
the "can I convince them to take me at all?" issue) is control. Control
comes in a lot of forms; the ones most likely to be noticeable to an
author are editorial and presentation control
While an author can – and most of us do, at one point or another – say
"no" to the publisher's editorial requests, it is generally an unwise
thing to do most of the time, for two reasons, one good, one possibly
not. The good reason is… well, you NEED editors to find the stuff you
aren't doing as well as you should. They provide editors, and a GOOD
editor is worth their weight in pure platinum. If they make suggestions
to you, most of the time it's because they think you aren't telling your
story as well as you think, at least in some area. Speaking as someone
with (as of May 5th) 11 trad published books under his belt, all of
those books have benefited more or less greatly from editorial advice,
and if I had rejected that advice, the books would not have been as good
as they are.
The possibly-ungood reason you don't want to refuse too many editorial
requests from a publisher is that the publisher may well decide at that
point that they don't want to publish your book. This isn't a decision
they'll generally make lightly, I should note – reversing such a
decision is almost as much a PITA for them as it is for you – but they
can and will do it on occasion. As an author, this does mean ceding a
certain amount of control over your manuscript, and you may not entirely
agree with it at times; there are a few such incidents in just about any
published author's history.
Presentation includes the selection of cover artist and the subject of
the cover painting, the precise layout of the cover, formats of the book
for release (ebook only, trade paper, etc.), internal layout and
typesetting, and so on. You have, as an author, NO say in these
whatsoever with most traditional publishers. With luck, you MAY be
allowed to have contact with the cover artist, but you have no authority
over the artist or their choices; at best, you are able to call
attention to events or elements of the novel that you think are
particularly cover-worthy, but you have no actual control over it. The
basic rule of thumb is that the TEXT of the book belongs to you, but
everything else outside of that text is the publisher's,
This means that the look and feel of the final product is, in fact,
pretty much completely out of your hands. You don't have to do hardly
any work, but you'll also have hardly any control over it once the work
starts; you have to just wait and hope the result lives up to your
expectations.
Length may also be a constraint. A typical genre publisher won't
usually take a manuscript from a new author that's less than 80,000
words, or more than about 120,000 words, unless it REALLY grabs their
interest. The numbers are somewhat lower for YA novels. This means that
"novels" that meet the technical definition of 40,000 words, up to
around 70,000 words, and those well over 120,000 words, are going to be
very hard to sell. That can mean that you'll be asked to cut your
manuscript down, or puff it up, neither of which is necessarily much fun
for the author.
There is also the issue of time. From the time that your final
manuscript is accepted by the publisher to the time the book hits the
shelves is an average of about one year. For some people, that seems
like a devil of a long time, and – in some ways – it is, while in some
ways, it isn't. You'll see why as we go to the next section…
*Self-Publishing*
Here, control reigns supreme. You, the author, control every aspect of
your book, big, small, fancy, simple, electronic, physical – it's all up
to you, and these days there are a number of convenient, reputable firms
and resources to provide you with all the tools you need to get the job
done, whatever way you want to do it.
This control of course extends to the choice to publish at all. Unlike
traditional publishing houses, there's no one and nothing to stop you
from publishing anything you want, in any way you want. You think your
book's ready for prime-time? Then go for it, because there's no one to
tell you different!
Of course, that's also one of self-publishing's greatest pitfalls.
Anyone can put up their magnum opus even if it's never been edited, or
even proofread for spelling errors, in its existence. (No, running it
through MS Word's Spellcheck is NOT a substitute for real proofreading).
Unfortunately, most people cannot effectively edit and proof their own
work – I am tempted to say ALL, but I am an optimist and willing to
assume there are a few paragons out there who can manage to approach
their own work with a completely detached frame of mind and releasing
all of their own assumptions.
Unfortunately, this brings us immediately to one of self-publishing's
greatest limitations: money. Trad publishing pays you up front;
self-publishing, done anything like right, COSTS you money – and comes
with absolutely NO guarantee that you will ever see any of that money
come back. It's VERY important, when starting on a self-publishing
venture, to remember that those shining examples of success in
self-publishing that everyone mentions are the same as the Stephen Kings
and J.K. Rowlings of the world; far, far outliers whose performance
should never be used as an example for what you should expect. Even in
traditional publishing, there's a lot of risk; the old joke is "How do
you make a small fortune in publishing? Start with a large fortune."
If you want to self-publish WELL – make a professional-looking product
with reasonably professional production values – you'll need at least an
editor, a proofreader, a cover artist, and someone who can do both
interior and exterior layout of the book.
If you happen to be someone with experience in these fields, great – at
least some of it you can do yourself, for free (aside from your TIME,
which, for most of us, is far from "free". More on that later.)
But most of us authors know how to write stories, and not so much the
other stuff; even if we know how to edit, we can't edit our OWN stuff.
The principle there is very much the same as for law: "The lawyer who
represents himself has a fool for a client". Similarly, the person who
edits themselves is not likely to be doing themselves a favor.
A professional editor will not be cheap. A 100,000 word novel will cost
hundreds or even thousands of dollars to edit properly, depending on the
editor, the complexity of the edit, and how much the editor's willing to
cut you a break. To a considerable extent, you'll get what you pay for.
There ARE inexpensive, yet very good, editors out there, but they're
very rare, highly sought after, and unless you already know them and are
on their lists, you'll have a hard time finding them or getting on their
schedules – and even the "inexpensive" ones will be in the hundreds of
dollars.
The same is true of professional copyeditors/proofreaders. Note that
"copyediting" is NOT the same as substantiative editing. The latter
refers to examinations of the book as a work – seeing how well the story
flows, noticing errors of logic or presentation that damage the story,
and advising you on ways to fix apparent flaws in the story. The former
has to do with the mechanics of writing – checking grammar, references,
and so on.
In general, you want the different types of editing done by different
people also, although some people can manage to do both.
Cover art is one of the most difficult areas. It is of course possible,
these days, to create your own cover from available stock images using
Photoshop; of course, it's also quite true that most authors aren't much
in the art department, and the covers that they, or their best friend
Ray who's really good at making Tumblr memes, make are pretty obviously
not professional-grade.
Sometimes it is possible to find pro-grade work for amateur prices;
DeviantArt and similar sites are areas where aspiring artists show off
what they can do and often are willing to do commissions for reasonable,
or even ridiculously low, prices. However, it's still something of a
crapshoot, and professionally I am averse to underpaying people for
professional work. I wouldn't want someone asking ME to do my writing
for a tenth of what it's worth, so I probably shouldn't be going around
asking artists to give me a $500 painting for $50, either.
An experienced cover artist in your chosen field – one with a solid
reputation and knowledge of the kind of imagery used – is not going to
be cheap. For one thing, making a cover painting is, in and of itself, a
skill that takes considerable time to develop. You can't just approach
it like a regular painting, because you know that (A) it's possible that
only PART of your painting will make it onto the cover, and (B) the
dimensions and ratios of the cover may be different from book to book,
so different parts of your painting may be used by different people, or
even by the same person for different editions of the same book; the
latter is the case for my own Polychrome, as the "real estate" available
for the large-size hardcover is significantly different both in size and
aspect ratio from that available on the trade paperback format.
Add to this specific skill the general skill and talent you, the
author, will want, and it's obvious that such people will be applying an
awful lot of experience and expertise to giving you the painting you ask
for. For well-known artists, that's going to be very expensive. Such
people will be asking – and getting – four figures for their work. Note
that in those cases, you're getting the right to use the image, but not
the actual painting, which the artist retains. If you wanted the actual
original as well, that's gonna cost you.
Once the editing, proofing, and artwork are complete, you still need to
do layout and publishing prep – formatting the book for actual
publication. Once more, this is something that a few authors may be good
at, but most people aren't – and it's one of those deceptively simple
tasks that can turn out to be frustratingly impossible to do well if you
don't understand it. That will, once more, be another few hundred
dollars to get done RIGHT.
Then – and only then – are you pretty much ready to publish your book.
In theory, self-publishing is much faster, especially if you're not
planning on doing a physical release. In practice? Well, I'd originally
planned on releasing Polychrome in November, or seven months after the
Kickstarter funded. In reality, it released in April 2015, almost
precisely one year after the Kickstarter concluded.
It so happens that this is just about exactly how long it usually takes
from the time you hand in a manuscript to the publisher, and the time
that the book is officially released.
It is true that some of this delay could be traced to the time it took
my cover to be completed… but in a more realistic view of the world,
almost any part of the process can be stalled by weeks to months, and –
in all likelihood – at least one such part will be. In my case it was
the cover painting, but in another it might be the editing and proofing,
or layout.
Now, if you choose to forego some of those steps, you can of course
speed up the process. If I'd been willing to just stuff Polychrome's
Word file into KDP for conversion, I could've published the book in a
couple of weeks – grab a public-domain image related to Oz and
Polychrome and do a quick edit into a cover pic, as I did for the
Kickstarter video, do my best at layout and a quick proofing pass, and
then upload it.
But then it would not be either visually, or textually, nearly the book
it has become. Quality costs money, and – in the long run – I think it
will eventually win out, on average, over expedience. I do know that in
part I was driven by a determination to make sure that the resulting
book was fully equal, both in appearance and in care of production, to
those produced by Baen; I wanted to be able to place Polychrome on the
same shelf and never have any question that it belonged there. But at
the same time, it's purely pride of workmanship. If your novel was worth
so many hours of your time and thought to produce, it's worth a few more
hours, and a few more dollars, to make sure it's presented right.
Again, this all takes TIME. And time – for most of us – is a very
precious commodity. The traditional publishing approach takes very
little of my time away from the main job of WRITING. I spend a little
time consulting with cover artists; a day or three going over galleys; a
little time writing blurbs. But other than that, I just write stuff and
send it in. The work of self-publishing takes TIME in one way or
another, or – if you have it – you can sometimes substitute money for
your time by paying someone else to do the work. But it will ALWAYS
demand more time from you than the traditional method, and for people
like me – with a full time job and a family – time's a rare and precious
commodity. This is true for a lot of other authors as well.
There is of course one other aspect of self-publication I haven't
touched on: promotion and marketing. As I said, even the most basic
effort by a regular traditional publisher is the equivalent of extremely
expensive marketing, and Polychrome is already proving that. I had
neither time, nor money, nor – to be honest – the knowledge to properly
promote Polychrome. It has sold, roughly, 1/30th as many copies in first
week release as any of my regular releases. I am a not completely
unknown author, with double-digits of books released, yet this brand-new
novel is selling more than an order of magnitude fewer copies than ANY
of my other books on release.
NEVER underestimate the power of even the most indifferent traditional
publisher's publicity.
If you're going down the self-publishing route, you will need to learn
a lot of promotion skills… or just rely on sheer luck, which you'll need
a lot of. Exactly what tactics would be best for marketing and promo…
those I can't discuss, because I really don't know.
One more aspect of control deserves a short but specifically separate
discussion: RIGHTS.
In traditional publishing, you sign a publishing contract with the
publisher. The primary rights involved are, of course, First Publication
rights, but most publishing houses will be trying to include as many
other rights as they can. Some of those are sensible – for instance, the
right to put out both print AND e-book format versions of your book.
Other than that, read your contract carefully and decide what rights
you're willing to concede to them, and in exchange for what; for
instance, a contract may say that they will take "dramatic" rights
(i.e., TV and Movie rights) but that if those rights result in anything
you will get half.
Let me repeat this: READ YOUR CONTRACT. If you find you don't
understand it, find someone, preferably a lawyer, who DOES understand
the contract, and make sure that what you are getting is what you THINK
you are getting, and that you're not giving away anything you're not
comfortable with.
If you're a new author, you may think you can't argue any terms of the
contract. Well… it's true that arguing TOO much could easily sour the
deal and make the publisher pack up and leave. But the fact that you
really really really WANT to get published should NOT be a lever to
force you to accept a bad bargain. Don't sell yourself short.
Now, with that said, the fact is that most of those other rights aren't
likely to be WORTH much; most of us will never get movie deals, have
video games made of our stuff, or whatever. Just make sure there's a
provision for you to get money out of the bargain in case any of them
amount to something!
You might think that self-publishing evades all these issues, and to a
certain extent, under the right conditions, you'd be correct. If you go
to the right vendors, and choose the right options, all the rights
remain vested in you; you'll just sit back and let the money roll
in^H^H^H^H^H trickle slowly.
HOWEVER, there are a lot – and I mean a lot – of outfits and divisions
of other companies which may claim to be assisting self-publishers, and
which will try to obtain more or less control over your work. Be very
cautious doing business with any outside groups that you don't know –
and research any of them, even those you think you know. Even large
established traditional publishers have unfortunately attempted to take
advantage of the self-publishing wave by a number of rather underhanded
means; one of the best sites to check if you are ever unsure is
Preditors and Editors (
http://pred-ed.com/). And always remember the
basic business dictum: "if it sounds too good to be true… it probably
isn't true."
With all of this, I think the differences between both approaches, and
the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, should be pretty
clear. I'm glad, now, to have done both, and I may do one or two more
self-publishing projects… but I remain incredibly happy that most of my
books are traditionally published, and will save me that long and
difficult slog to the finish line!
--
Sea Wasp
/^\
;;;
Website:
http://www.grandcentralarena.com Blog:
http://seawasp.livejournal.com