paciorek@smeagol:/usr/local/linux/lib/R/Current/x86_64/site-library/pbdMPI/libs> ldd pbdMPI.so
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffd5c993000)
libmpi.so.1 => /usr/local/linux/openmpi/lib/libmpi.so.1 (0x00007fc793ca5000)
libR.so => /usr/lib/libR.so (0x00007fc7936f0000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fc79332a000)
libopen-rte.so.7 => /usr/local/linux/openmpi-1.8.5/lib/libopen-rte.so.7 (0x00007fc7930af000)
libopen-pal.so.6 => /usr/local/linux/openmpi-1.8.5/lib/libopen-pal.so.6 (0x00007fc792dd3000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fc792bb4000)
libblas.so.3 => /usr/lib/libblas.so.3 (0x00007fc7913ab000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fc7910a5000)
libreadline.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libreadline.so.6 (0x00007fc790e5e000)
libpcre.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007fc790c20000)
liblzma.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 (0x00007fc7909fe000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007fc7907ed000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fc7905d4000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fc7903cc000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fc7901c7000)
libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007fc78ffb8000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fc7941b4000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fc78fdb5000)
libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007fc78fb8b000)
This works fine when /usr/local/linux/openmpi is a symlink to the 1.8.5 version of OpenMPI and pbdR packages were built under that configuration. (Note that we install openMPI in /usr/local/linux, which is NFS shared with all of our machines). But if I switch /usr/local/linux/openmpi to symlink to the 1.8.4 version of OpenMPI, then I get the error.
I can do a simple mpirun invocation just fine, which makes me suspect something hard-coded into pbdR.
In any event, I'm not having problems once I installed pbdR packages after changing the OpenMPI version, so I'll just leave this thread as a note to the development team (and any users who might encounter this in the future) in the event that you are hard-coding the MPI version somehow into pbdR package(s) when they are built on a system.