It seems that the Neo EntityStore opens a transaction in the Neo database while the UnitOfWork is in progress. And Neo itself protest against nested transactions. So, it is not possible to open a new UoW in the same thread, since there is a mismatch in semantics between Neo and Qi4j.This is detected by the standard tests, but for some reason it was never fixed. It seems to be one of several testcases failing that has gone unnoticed for a while.