Gradle is just another build tool for Java. It's used to compile and package PBM and its dependencies.
Changing a lot :) Biggest change visibly is a new "HTML" viewer which is based on WebKit (full HTML rendering, handles pretty much any website). Java started packaging WebKit since 8 or 9 or 10 (can't remember which version actually, but for some time now). Same browsing engine as Firefox, Chrome, Safari, etc. And don't worry, it's PBM, would we allow external connections without explicit user action??? (NO!!!) So it's totally safe to view "html" emails and not worry about being "tracked" with external links.
In prior releases, the individual class files of PBM were all packaged up into a zip and other Jar files were distributed (like spell checker and logging, etc.) separately. In the newer distribution, all Jars (including PBM, no longer a zip file) are packaged up into a single zip for downloading. You unzip this single downloaded file (like any other app) into a directory and simply run it. No other components needed (other than a supported Java), no other installs, etc.
If you already have JavaFX installed, it won't matter as PBM will not look for it, it'll only use what's packaged with PBM itself. And yes, JFX is a dependency for PBM and it will be packaged up just like the other Jar's PBM is dependent on (spell checker, logging, Java mail API, etc.).
Personally I wouldn't jump on J12 just yet as it's quite new. From my perspective, it shouldn't matter but I've been mainly working on PBM using J10 (hard to find) and will eventually only build/test using J11.
And it's a changing world so what was true before J11 with JFX is no longer true since JavaFX is no longer distributed as part of the core Java. This started in J11.
For your own personal setup, I don't know whether some particular update is needed or how it gets installed, etc. I install Java's as I need them and use a "Java switching" tool to manage which one is actively in use. For example, here's all my Java's:
jenv versions
system
1.7
1.7.0.71
1.8
1.8.0.191
1.8.0.77
10.0
10.0.2
11.0
11.0.2
11.0.3
12.0
12.0.1
openjdk64-11.0.2
oracle64-1.7.0.71
oracle64-1.8.0.191
oracle64-1.8.0.77
oracle64-10.0.2
oracle64-11.0.3
* oracle64-12.0.1 (set by /Users/carlpmiller/src/Polarbar127Dev/.java-version)
It's like socks in a drawer - I use whatever I'm in the mood for that day - LOL
Carl