You should note that this is not a Passenger crash, but an application crash (i.e. something in your application or the libraries it uses). The first suspect would be ruby-odbc.
There can be multiple reasons why it happens while running under Passenger and not Webrick, for example, it could be that you're using a different ruby, rails or ruby-odbc gem version for Passenger. Or maybe because Passenger can handle a higher load the stress on the app is higher and more likely to reveal issues. Or maybe because the gem needs some kind of environment settings that are filtered out by Nginx.