A single OpenTSDB instance cannot interact with multiple tables, the closest thing you could do is trying to enforce a tag on all data. This would most certainly end in tears.
You can have multiple TSDB instances, each pointing to different tables.
You can run TSD instances anywhere, they just have to be able to communicate with the cluster. You just configure the Zookeeper Quorum and as long as OpenTSDB can communicate with the Zookeeper nodes and the HBase nodes, it will work fine.
I have run multiple TSD instances on a host using multiple docker containers. You could use Nginx to send different sub-domains, or paths to different backend ports. So Nginx on a host, 10x docker containers pointing to 10x hbase tables.
You could do it without containers of course.