You can write full ES6 apps and transpile with babel.js. It's very feature complete, even has stage 1 and stage 0 features (ES7 and onward). It will also provide you with a polyfil, so it will add features that you miss as a polyfil.
As for performance, this chart is a little old, but gives a good overview anyway:
As for what's implemented, what isn't, here's another link which a lot of community deems relevant:
It depends also on which Node version you use, too. Example, 4.0 has a lot more of ES6 then 0.12, and 0.12 has lot more (well, has vs has not) compared to 0.10. (You should migrate to at least 0.12 anyway if you're using anything older.
So for those, implemented features, they should usually (not always) perform better then babel polyfil.