If you're running with emacs 26, it seems to be a regression:
https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=25645
Dirk-Jan: my current band-aid for this is:
diff --git i/mu4e/mu4e-compose.el w/mu4e/mu4e-compose.el
index 077b0e3a..67597683 100644
--- i/mu4e/mu4e-compose.el
+++ w/mu4e/mu4e-compose.el
@@ -257,7 +257,8 @@ If needed, set the Fcc header, and register the handler function."
(lexical-let ((maildir mdir) (old-handler message-fcc-handler-function))
(lambda (file)
(setq message-fcc-handler-function old-handler) ;; reset the fcc handler
- (write-file file) ;; writing maildirs files is easy
+ (let ((coding-system-for-write 'raw-text))
+ (write-file file)) ;; writing maildirs files is easy
(mu4e~proc-add file (or maildir "/")))))))) ;; update the database
(defvar mu4e-compose-hidden-headers
although, for an upstream bug of an unreleased version, I would be
skeptical in applying it officially.