An MQTT broker by its nature delivers messages in real time to subscribing clients, asynchronously. Cron every minute (or any other interval and similar approach) will not work: you will get only messages published with persistent flag set.
Instead a common and reasonable approach is preparing a daemon running forever that subscribes to relevant topics (or "anything") and saves received messages to MySQL or whatever.
You will find plenty of examples, perhaps the simple way is writing a daemon using Paho Python library. Or you could have a look at the "mqttwarn" daemon written by JP Mens (
https://github.com/jpmens/mqttwarn) there's a MySQL plug.
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