A similar question was asked on the ngx_pagespeed bug list:
https://github.com/apache/incubator-pagespeed-ngx/issues/1539 and there was some discussion in that bug.
TL;DR: I think the summary you gave is still accurate: making resources smaller is still good. Prioritizing critical css is still very good. I think probably it's better to use H2 for combining but I don't think that's been definitively proven, and there are likely some pros & cons. My opinion is there is more measurable benefit from pagespeed's ability to inline small resources than there is in H2-pushing them (see the above article) but I don't have data showing that, and it would be interesting to see such data, across a variety of network latencies, bandwidth, and caching scenarios.
RE image-spriting: theoretically you get value from spriting other than just fewer round trips -- it actually shares color-map information across the images which means less total bytes. But I don't think mod_pagespeed's spriting really optimizes for that very well, and it's not something we spent a huge amount of time on after getting it to work, to be honest. Similarly, CSS-combining probably also gets value from getting all the CSS files compressed as one, with common http-headers factored out. If you do that over H2 you still get header compression as well.