It's more of a model-fitting diagnostic approach when polytomous items seem to misfit, and you want to fit spline IRT models to each category separately to understand where the functional form is causing the misfit.
a <- matrix(c(.8,.4,.7, .8, .4, .7, 1, 1, 1, 1))
d <- matrix(rep(c(2.0,0.0,-1,-1.5),10), ncol=4, byrow=TRUE)
dat <- simdata(a,d,2000, itemtype = rep('graded', 10))
head(dat)
mod <- mirt(dat, 1)
itemfit(mod)
# say that item 9 was misfitting
dat2 <- poly2dich(dat, which.items = 9)
it <- c(rep('graded', 8), rep('spline', 5), 'graded')
mod2 <- mirt(dat2, 1, it)
plot(mod2, type = 'trace', which = 9:13)