Hard to say. It certainly is popular. Estimated membership (which you
get when you buy a card) is about 400,000. There are tournaments and
cruises dedicated to it.
I don't know that any serious study has been done to relate odds against
payoff for NMJL style. The league doesn't talk about how they come up
with the card each year, but I know that if I had a couple million
dollars coming in I would spend a good chunk of getting those numbers right.
Here's a sample card:
http://www.ateacherfirst.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Mahjong-2010-Card1.pdf
Going back to Chinese Classical (the oldest known mahjong scoring
system), chows were worth zero points, but they helped you complete your
hand. Only pungs scored points. When special hands were scored, those
multiplied your score, so chows were naturally to be avoided if you
wanted a high score.
NMJL has no patterns with sequences, but they do have singles and pairs.
So you can claim a tile to go out, or to meld a set of identical tiles,
which can be 3, 4, (or in more crazy times) 5, or 6 tiles because they
use 8 jokers, and the jokers have their own rules too. For instance, you
can replace a joker someone else has used if you have the tile it
represents, then use it as a wild tile in your hand. But if a player
goes out with no jokers, you have to pay them double.
Chris