Hi Andy,
Thanks for this report. It's not a bug, more like a feature that partially went into production too early. Our plan is as follows: We will add a new field, "vehicle_label", to the API. This field corresponds with the label field in GTFS-realtime, and represents the ID numbers that you see on the outside of vehicles. In the case of buses, it will be the number shown on the bus. For Red, Orange, and Blue Line trains, it will be the number shown on the lead car of the train. For Green Line trains, we will include all cars in the consist, in order from front to back, separated by dashes. So for example a train with cars 3858 and 3746 would be represented by the string "3858-3746."
At the same time that we roll out this new label field, we will also change the vehicle_id field to be a unique identifier that increments throughout the day. These will be unique over the course of a single day. As you noticed, we accidentally rolled out this portion of the change too early. We are in the process of reverting it for now, until we are prepared to add the label field.
Please note: Red, Orange and Blue Line trains have been using the vehicle_id values similar to 544A3F40 for several months now, and that change will not be rolled back. The accidental change from this week only affected Green Line.
Sincerely,
Developer@MBTA
Edit: the change only affected Green Line, bus was never affected. No change to vehicle_id is expected for bus.