Given your budget, commercial fabrication may not be possible (I don't
know). You may have to invest significant time in lieu of budget.
1. Vince can cast metal or plastic items from models or originals, it's
worth asking about his rates.
2. You could print new gears on the 3D printer, given a 3D-model file. I
hear it's easier to use than our previous printers.
You might be able to find a gear-model-generating program or website
that could generate a gear similar to yours, then you could modify that
model as desired.
Or you could design your gear from scratch, or ask for quotes from MS
members for 3D modelling. Such an approach might go faster if you have,
or are willing to break, a gear in half.
I think 3D scanning would be more trouble, I doubt it would come out as
neat as a from-scratch 3D model. But I welcome being proved wrong :)
3. Once you have a nice model, you can print it on the 3D printer, using
a low interior fill percentage. That gets you a gear that prints fast
but won't stand up to normal use, however you can check this for fit in
your final unit.
Once it fits, you can reprint it on the 3D printer using 100% interior
fill which will take a long time to print but will be strong. There's a
solid black-plastic gear (about 4" diameter) on the shelves above the 3D
printer if you want to see how strong 3D printed objects can get.
4. Have you tried ebay? Would any gear with the same diameter, width and
teeth do?