Its kind of confusing, but Google Earth does NOT have a way to edit the timestamp/span of an actual feature.
Google Earth can understand and display a time attached to a feature
but such things would have to be configured external to Google Earth (eg editing KML files directly)
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The time option in the 'View' tab, is for setting a time for the <LookAt>
... which just set what the timestamp would be set when 'loading' the feature. Wont in itself cause the timeslider to appear.
I dont know why Google Earth has not added the option to set/edit the proper time values.