Hoping I'm not misunderstanding the question, but...
If all you're doing is testing to see whether a lat/long pair is in some datastore, then you might be able to use julia sets (of immutables/pairs). If you're doing calculations with lat/long, you'll probably want to store your data in something like KDTrees.jl that will give you nearest neighbors and other analysis tools.
If speed is important and you only care if a lat/long pair is NOT in your database, you might look at something like Bloom filters.