julia> import Base.sin
julia> function sin(x::String)
println("What a dumb modification!")
end
sin (generic function with 12 methods)
julia> sin("randy")
What a dumb modification!
If you want to actually contribute this to the Julia distribution, then you would go to where Base.sin is defined, add your code, and submit a pull request to GitHub. Depending on the usefulness, it may/may not get merged. After merging, when people run the makefile or use a pre-compiled binary, then this method signature would be available to them.
The MSVC compiler is not really supported yet. There is no Visual Studio integration whatsoever.