Thanks for the feedback, Everyone! :-) I basically wanted to document this problem and provide a solution, so others wouldn't have to spend as much time tracking it down ("schema _api" in the error message didn't immediately make me think this was an Islandora issue. Based on the
documentation, I originally thought some past contributed Drupal module might have been uninstalled incorrectly, so I spent quite a bit of time in the database as a result).
The
patch provided in my initial post covers the fix that both Chris Gray and Mark Jordan documented. I knew the coding error had been corrected in the master copy of islandora_xml_forms in Git, but that still meant everyone using an official release (7.x-1.3 - 7.x-1.7) would encounter this problem upon upgrading to Drupal 7.50 and would need to troubleshoot it. It's a weird issue, since this warning message is new to core (as of 7.50) and in this case, is uncovering a problem that has been around awhile -- just hidden. This post is meant to act as a shortcut for anyone searching for a solution.
Thanks to Phil R's feedback, I now know it's not necessary for me to do a pull request or create a JIRA ticket in this particular case. Future versions of this module will have the fix. I'll just leave things as they are then, since this thread should help guide people until the next release.