Yes, for vector images, as long as you use the icons at the right size, the size in the sprite won't matter.
The grid size set in the app doesn't affect the output unless you're generating fonts, in which case it can affect the baseline metric. The grid size is mainly useful for organizing the icons and previewing how different parts of the icon would lie on the pixel grid. If your icons are made with the pixel grid in mind, and if you set the the right grid size in the Edit panel in the IcoMoon app, the lines in your icon would align with grid boundaries.