May 24: Feast day of Hermes Trismegistus
art
May 24 *Feast day of Hermes Trismegistus*
http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/book/may24.html
.
May 24, 1607, Jamestown [1st permanent Eng. settlement] founded.
(May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar)
. 144 persons (Capt. John Smith) including landed in Virginia
. on April 26, 1607 [Shakspere's 43rd "BAPTISMAL-day"]
.
<<Hermes is the patron of alchemy & god of boundaries, guardian
of graves & patron of shepherds, patron of thieves and bringer
of good fortune. He carried the kerykeion (caduceus), a magical
herald's staff with two snakes twined around it, given to him by
Apollo. He is the Greek equivalent of Roman mythology's Mercury.
.
From Wikipedia: Hermes Trismegistus (Greek for "Hermes the
thrice-greatest") is the syncretism of the Greek god Hermes and
the Egyptian Thoth. In Hellenistic Egypt the god Hermes was given
as epithet the Greek name of Thoth. He has also been identified
with *ENOCH* . Similar syncretized gods include *SerAPIS* .
.
Hermes Trismegistus might also be explained in Kabbalistic
tradition that was inherited by the Renaissance it could be
imagined that such a personage had been contemporary with
Moses, communicating to a line of adepts a parallel wisdom.
(Occultist etymology has connected the two, making of Moses
a truncated name and positing a full name, Thothmoses.)
.
Both Thoth & Hermes were gods of writing & of magic in their
respective cultures. Thus the Greek god of interpretive
communication was combined with the Egyptian god of wisdom
as a patron of antique pseudosciences of astrology & alchemy.
Both gods were psychopomps, guiding souls to the afterlife.
.
The majority of Greeks & Romans did not accept Hermes Trismegistus
in the place of Hermes. The two gods remained distinct from one
another. Cicero noted several individuals referred to as 'Hermes':
the fifth, who is worshipped by the people of Pheneus [in Arcadia?],
is said to have killed Argus, and for this reason to have fled
to Egypt, and to have given the Egyptians their laws & alphabet:
he it is whom the Egyptians call Theyn [Thoth].
.
The Hermetic literature added to the Egyptian concerns with
conjuring spirits [MacBeth & Hamlet] and animating statues
[Winter's Tale] that inform the oldest texts, Hellenistic writings
of Greco-Babylonian astrology and the newly developed practice
of alchemy. In a parallel tradition, a Hermetic philosophy
rationalized & systematized religious cult practices and offered
the adept a method of personal ascension from the constraints of
physical being, which has led to confusion of Hermetism with
Gnosticism, which was developing contemporaneously Dan Merkur,
"Stages of Ascension in Hermetic Rebirth".
.
As a divine fountain of writing, Hermes Trismegistus was credited with
tens of thousands of writings, of immense antiquity & high standing.
Plato's Timaeus & Critias state that in the temple of Neith at *SAIS*
there were secret halls containing historical records which had been
kept for 9,000 years. Clement of Alexandria was under the impression
that the Egyptians had 42 sacred writings by Hermes, encapsulating
all the training of Egyptian priests. Siegfried Morenz has suggested
(Egyptian Religion) "The reference to Thoth's authorship... is based
on ancient tradition; the figure 42 probably stems from the number
of Egyptian *NOMES* , and thus conveys the notion of completeness."
The Neo-Platonic writers took up Clement's "42 essential texts".
.
The so-called "Hermetic literature", the Hermetica is a category
of papyri containing spells & induction procedures. In the dialogue
called the Asclepius (after the Greek god of healing) the art of
imprisoning the souls of demons or of angels in statues with the
help of herbs, gems & odors, is described, such that the statue
could speak and prophesy. In other papyri, there are other
recipes for constructing such images and animating them,
such as when images are to be hollow so as
to enclose a magic name inscribed on gold leaf.>>
--------------------------------------------------------
. Five Weeks in a BALLOON
. http://www.gutenberg.net/etext02/5wiab10.txt
.
<<"We, the undersigned, do hereby declare that, on
the day herein mentioned, we witnessed the arrival of
Dr. Ferguson and his two companions, *RICHARD KENNEDY*
and *JOE WILSON* , clinging to the cordage & network of
a BALLOON, and that the said BALLOON fell at a distance
of a few paces from us into the river, and being swept
away by the current was lost in the cataracts of Gouina.
In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands
and seals beside those of the persons hereinabove
named, for the information of all whom it may concern.
.
"Done at the Cataracts of Gouina, on the 24th of May, 1862.
.
. "(Signed), "SAMUEL FERGUSON
. *RICHARD KENNEDY* ,
. "JOSEPH WILSON,
. "DUFRAISSE, Lieutenant of Marines,
. "RODAMEL, Naval Ensign,
. "DUFAYS, Sergeant,
. "FLIPPEAU, MAYOR, }
. "PELISSIER, LOROIS, } Privates."
. RASCAGNET, GUIL- }
. LON, LEBEL, }
.
HERE ended the astonishing journey of Dr. Ferguson
and his brave companions, as vouched for by undeniable
testimony; and they found themselves among friends in
the midst of most hospitable tribes, whose relations
with the French settlements are frequent & amicable.>>
--------------------------------------------------------------------
____ The Dark Lady of the Sonnets
. At the catARActS of Gouina: 24th of May, 1862
[Black Virgin] Feast day of St. SARA patroness of Gypsies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Madonna
<<Black Madonnas are sometimes associated with the Templars
and/or St. Bernard of Clairvaux. Ean Begg suggests they were
revered by an esoteric cult with Templar and/or Cathar links.
Black Madonnas derive from the Egyptian goddess *ISIS* .
Professor Stephen Benko among others says that
early Christian pictures of a seated mother & child
were influenced by images of *ISIS* and Horus. The
Black Madonna of Częstochowa even has the markings of
the Eye of Horus of the milky mother Hathor or *ISIS*.>>
------------------------------------------------------
<<The *Thames through Oxford* is often given the name the River
*ISIS* , although historically, and especially in Victorian times,
gazetteers and cartographers insisted that the entire river was
correctly named the River *ISIS* from its source until Dorchester-on-
Thames. Only at this point, where the river meets the River Thame and
becomes the "Thame-*ISIS* " (subsequently abbreviated to Thames)
should it be so-called; Ordnance Survey maps still label the Thames as
"River Thames or *ISIS* " until Dorchester. However since the early
20th century, this distinction has been lost in common usage outside
Oxford.>> - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thames
................................................
Sweet swan of Avon! what a sight it were
To see thee in our waters yet appeare,
And make those flights upon the bankes of *Thames* ,
That so did take Eliza, and our James !
------------------------------------------
May 24, 1930: Amy Johnson lands her Gypsy Moth in Darwin, Australia,
. becoming the first woman to fly from England to Australia.
------------------------------------------
Roma *Gypsy* festival : La Fete des Saintes Maries (May 24 - 25)
.
<<The three Marys of Christian tradition (a.k.a. the Three Marys
of the Sea) may be related to the earlier, pagan, Triple Goddess.
[May 24, 1849 Fatally ill Anne Bronte leaves for home.]
.
Thousands of gypsies make an annual pilgrimage to the village
of Les-Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in France, honouring their
patron St Sarah (Sara; Sara-la-Kali; Sarah the Black)
and Saints Marie Jacobe and Marie Salome.
.
After the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, Mary Salome (wife of Zebedee
& mother of John the Apostle & James the Greater), Mary Jacobe
(wife of Cleofas, mother of apostle St James the Less, & possibly
sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus), and Mary Magdalene were
cast adrift in a boat that arrived off the coast of what is now
France. (Also on board were Martha & her brother Lazarus.)
Some say that the boat arrived in 42 CE, and they were accompanied
by St Joseph of Arimathea and the Holy Grail. Sarah was the black
Egyptian servant of Mary Salome & Mary Jacobe according to some,
servant to Mary Magdalene according to others. Sarah may be
associated with the Indian goddess Kali. Though it was believed
that the Roma came from Egypt, it is now believed that
they came from India between the 8th & 14th centuries.
.
According to the novel The Da Vinci Code Saint
Sarah was the child of Mary Magdelene & Jesus.
.
'On foot they come. In cars, trucks, & campeurs they come.
Tens of thousands of Gypsies flock to the Proveneal town of Les
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer to keep their annual appointment with a
black-faced wooden lady who wears rhinestones & candy-pink satin.
Hardly a bigwig on the biblical social register, the woman now
known as Saint Sara was the Egyptian servant (so they say) of
the Three Maries Mary Magdalene, Mary Jacob, & Mary Salome
(Jesus' aunt). According to legend, they all arrived here in
a small boat (along with Saint Lazarus & the Magdalene's sister,
Saint Martha) soon after the Crucifixion. While her fellow
passengers went on to slay dragons and such, Sara was never
noted for any feats at all. And yet ....
.
'For some reason, her statue, enshrined here in a pale stone church,
is the object of passionate year-round devotion. Rows of votive
candles pulsate in the darkness of Sara's crypt. Once in May & again
in October, the Gypsies come. They park their vehicles along the
seawall. Then, in the crypt, they convene with the statue,
commencing a ritual that was long scorned by Catholic officials
and finally approved in 1933. The Gypsies fasten layer upon
layer of satin raiments around Sara's neck, and then with
riotous veneration they carry her down to the beach.'>>
----------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Madonna
<<A Black Madonna or Black Virgin is a statue or painting of Mary in
which she is depicted with dark or black skin. This name applies in
particular to European statues or pictures of a Madonna which are of
special interest because her dark face and hands is thought by some to
be the true color. In this specialised sense "Black Madonna" does not
apply to images of the Virgin Mary portrayed as explicitly black
African, which are popular in Africa and areas with large black
populations, such as the United States. However, it has been argued
that European Black Madonnas have their roots in African traditions.
Some statues get their color from the material used, such as ebony or
other dark wood, but there is debate about whether this choice of
material is significant. Others were originally light-skinned but have
become darkened over time, for example by candle soot. For a time this
was thought to be the explanation for all medieval "black" images of
Mary, but this has been contested by commentators starting in the
1950s with Leonard Moss, who believed the color of originally-dark
Madonnas had significance. Occasionally, a Madonna's face has been re-
painted black after restoration had returned it to its original pale-
skinned coloring, though the blackness of even these is sometimes
significant to devotees.
The Black Madonnas are generally medieval, or copies of medieval
figures, and are found in Catholic areas. The statues are mostly
wooden but occasionally stone, often painted and up to 75 cm tall,
many dating from between the 11th and 15th centuries. They fall into
two main groups: free-standing upright figures and seated figures on a
throne. The pictures are usually icons: Byzantine in style though
sometimes made in 13th or 14th century Italy. Most are an image of
Mother and Child. Their faces tend to have recognizably European
features. There are about 450-500 Black Madonnas in Europe, depending
on how they are classified. There are at least 180 Vierges Noires in
France, and there are hundreds of non-medieval copies too. A few are
in museums, but most are in churches or shrines and are venerated by
devotees. Many are associated with miracles and some attract
substantial numbers of pilgrims.
. Theories about the Black Madonnas
The Black Virgin of Montserrat: a copy at Barcelona Cathedral
After a late 19th and early 20th century theory that applied dark skin
color was due to the candles burnt in prayer to the Virgin Mary
putting soot all over the statue, there was little study of the Black
Madonnas for several decades. Some theologians and historians still
believe that all examples of dark coloring can be accounted for by the
natural color of the wood used or by changes in color over time. They
may add that a pale alabaster face was a post-medieval development. A
counter-argument points to the apparently un-sooted bright colors of
the clothing on some images with painted black face and hands.
Interest in studying Black Madonnas revived in the late 20th century.
Scholars of comparative religion have suggested that Black Madonnas
are descendants of pre-Christian mother or earth goddesses (Moss,
Benko). Some have highlighted Isis as the key ancestor-goddess (Redd,
McKinney-Johnson). Psychologists have discussed the maternal and
female archetypes from a Jungian perspective (Gustafson, Begg).
Although these approaches have stimulated academic interest, there is
no well-established consensus about medieval motives for carving or
painting Black Madonnas.
A direct link between the Black Madonnas of the European Middle Ages
and ancient pagan traditions and representations has been asserted
typologically since direct historical and artistic influences cannot
be proved. Although no direct Catholic theological sources are
available, it has also been suggested by many authors that the
medieval veneration of Black Madonnas was in response to a line from
the Song of Songs 1:5 in the Old Testament: "I am black but comely, O
daughters of Jerusalem, ..." or "Nigra sum sed formosa" in Latin,
words discussed at length in the sermons of Bernard of Clairvaux.
Several surviving Black Madonnas are inscribed with these words, for
example the figure from Tindari below; it is possible, however, that
in some cases the inscriptions were added at a later date.
The revived interest, especially from feminist, neo-gnostic and neo-
pagan writers and scholars, psychoanalysts and others in the 20th
century, has led to various theories about the Black Madonnas. Many of
these link the images of the Black Madonna either with pre-Christian
traditions, or with themes such as feminine power.
Monique Scheer approaches this topic from the perspective of symbolic
anthropology. She believes that these statues and paintings came to be
perceived as Black Madonnas after the Middle Ages, perhaps as part of
a Counter-Reformation tendency to promote "the veneration of
miraculous images of Mary". She discusses the "symbolic meanings
communicated by the dark skin of the Madonna" rather than focussing on
the origins of their colour, and suggests that these symbolic meanings
have been different in different eras and contexts.
. Characteristics
Many writers seeking to interpret the Black Madonnas suggest some
combination of the following elements:
* Black Madonnas have grown out of pre-Christian earth goddess
traditions. Their dark skin may be associated with ancient images of
these goddesses, and with the colour of fertile earth. They are often
associated with stories of being found by chance in a natural setting:
in a tree or by a spring, for example. Some of their Christian shrines
are located on the sites of earlier temples to Cybele and Diana of
Ephesus.
* Black Madonnas derive from the Egyptian goddess Isis. The dark skin
may echo an African archetypal mother figure. Professor Stephen Benko
among others says that early Christian pictures of a seated mother and
child were influenced by images of Isis and Horus. (See figure.) The
Black Madonna of Częstochowa even has the markings of the Eye of Horus
of the milky mother Hathor or Isis.
* Black Madonnas portrayed the original skin tone of the Virgin Mary,
thus placing the figures in apt historical contexts, as Jesus' family
was more likely than not to have semitic colors and features.
* Black Madonnas express a feminine power not fully conveyed by a
pale-
skinned Mary, who seems to symbolise gentler qualities like obedience
and purity. This idea can be discussed in Jungian terms. The "feminine
power" approach may be linked to Mary Magdalene and female sexuality
repressed by the medieval Church. In France, there are traditions
affirming that some statues are of Mary Magdalene and not of Mary, the
mother of Jesus, but these traditions and related theories are
generally rejected by theologians. The suggestion that Black Madonnas
represent feminine power may be linked with the earth goddesses and
attributed to the archetypal "great mother" who presides not only over
fertility, but over life and death. These ideas overlap with "feminist
spirituality" or "women's spirituality". (Chiavola Birnbaum)
* Black Madonnas are sometimes associated with the Templars and/or St.
Bernard of Clairvaux. Ean Begg suggests they were revered by an
esoteric cult with Templar and/or Cathar links, but this idea is
dismissed by other writers, who may also reject stories of a
connection with Mary Magdalene, and any gnostic or heretical
traditions.
* Some Black Madonnas may have been created because the artist was
familiar with other similar images.
One 21st century suggestion which is devotional and not academic, and
which illustrates Scheer's point about different eras and contexts,
proposes that the black mother and child remind us of the under-
privileged black people of the world, and the nurturing care offered
to the infant symbolises Jesus' love for the poor and dispossessed.
This idea itself is dismissed and thought of as racist, judgemental,
and stereotypical.>>
------------------------------------------
May 24, 1930: Amy Johnson lands her Gypsy Moth in Darwin, Australia,
. becoming the first woman to fly from England to Australia.
------------------------------------------
Roma *Gypsy* festival : La Fete des Saintes Maries (May 24 - 25)
.
<<The three Marys of Christian tradition (a.k.a. the Three Marys
of the Sea) may be related to the earlier, pagan, Triple Goddess.
[May 24, 1849 Fatally ill Anne Bronte leaves for home.]
.
Thousands of gypsies make an annual pilgrimage to the village
of Les-Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in France, honouring their
patron St Sarah (Sara; Sara-la-Kali; Sarah the Black)
and Saints Marie Jacobe and Marie Salome.
.
After the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, Mary Salome (wife of Zebedee
& mother of John the Apostle & James the Greater), Mary Jacobe
(wife of Cleofas, mother of apostle St James the Less, & possibly
sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus), and Mary Magdalene were
cast adrift in a boat that arrived off the coast of what is now
France. (Also on board were Martha & her brother Lazarus.)
Some say that the boat arrived in 42 CE, and they were accompanied
by St Joseph of Arimathea and the Holy Grail. Sarah was the black
Egyptian servant of Mary Salome & Mary Jacobe according to some,
servant to Mary Magdalene according to others. Sarah may be
associated with the Indian goddess Kali. Though it was believed
that the Roma came from Egypt, it is now believed that
they came from India between the 8th & 14th centuries.
.
According to the novel The Da Vinci Code Saint
Sarah was the child of Mary Magdelene & Jesus.
.
'On foot they come. In cars, trucks, & campeurs they come.
Tens of thousands of Gypsies flock to the Proveneal town of Les
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer to keep their annual appointment with a
black-faced wooden lady who wears rhinestones & candy-pink satin.
Hardly a bigwig on the biblical social register, the woman now
known as Saint Sara was the Egyptian servant (so they say) of
the Three Maries Mary Magdalene, Mary Jacob, & Mary Salome
(Jesus' aunt). According to legend, they all arrived here in
a small boat (along with Saint Lazarus & the Magdalene's sister,
Saint Martha) soon after the Crucifixion. While her fellow
passengers went on to slay dragons and such, Sara was never
noted for any feats at all. And yet ....
.
'For some reason, her statue, enshrined here in a pale stone church,
is the object of passionate year-round devotion. Rows of votive
candles pulsate in the darkness of Sara's crypt. Once in May & again
in October, the Gypsies come. They park their vehicles along the
seawall. Then, in the crypt, they convene with the statue,
commencing a ritual that was long scorned by Catholic officials
and finally approved in 1933. The Gypsies fasten layer upon
layer of satin raiments around Sara's neck, and then with
riotous veneration they carry her down to the beach.'>>
------------------------------------------------------
. TIMAEUS by Plato
.
. <<Tell us, said the other, the whole story, and how
. and from whom Solon heard this VERitablE tradition.
.
He replied: In the Egyptian Delta, at the head of which the river NILE
divides, there is a certain district which is called the district of
*SAIS*, and the great city of the district is also called *SAIS*, and
is the city from which King AMASIS came. They did in fact at that time
create a very great & mighty movement; uniting with the *EVER-FLOWING*
stream in stirring up and violently SHAKING the courses of the soul,>>
.
_____ *SAIS* : KNOW (French)
_____ *SAIS* : Englishman, Saxon (Welsh)
-----------------------------------------------------
. <<[SOCRATES to Hermogenes]: ARETE [signifies]
ease of motion, that the stream of the good soul is unimpeded, and
has therefore the attribute of ever flowing without let or hindrance,
. and is therefore called *ARETE* , or, more correctly, aeireite
( *EVER-FLOWING* ), and may perhaps have had another form, airete
(eligible), indicating that nothing is more eligible than virtue,
and this has been hammered into *ARETE* .>> - Plato (CRATYLUS)
------------------------------------------------------------------
_____ *ARETE* (aeireite) = "EVER-FLOWING"
.
. TOTHEO - [N] l ___{I} _ EBE G ____ ETTERO
. FTHESE_- [I] n __-{S} - UIN G ____ SONNET
. SMrWha_- [L] L __ [H]A P_<P> I__ [N] ESSEA
. NDthat___ [E] T __ [E]R N_<I> T__-[I] EPROM
. ISEDB Y O u ___- [R]E _ V <E> R_ [L] IVING
. POEtW I s h ____ [E]T __ H [T] H__-[E] WELLW
. IShIN- G a _____ [d V e] __ N [T] u ______ ReRINS
. EtTIN G fort----_________ H [T] t
.
. <= 19:(3x3x3-2x2x2) =>
-------------------------------------------------------
<<Meton invented the cycle of 19 years that counted 6,940 days, which
exceeds 235 lunations by almost a third of a day, and 19 tropical
years by four tenths of a day. It implicitly gave the solar year a
length of 6940/19 = 365 + 1/4 + 1/76 days = 365 d 6 h 18 min 56 s. But
Callippus (330 BC) knew that the length of the year was more closely
365 + 1/4 day (= 365d 6h 00m 00s), so he multiplied the 19-year cycle
by 4 to reach an integer number of days, and then dropped 1 day from
the last 19-year cycle. Thus he constructed a cycle of 76 years that
contains 940 lunations and 27,759 days, and has been called the
Callippic after him.>>
-------------------------------------------------------
________ Sonnet 76 = Four x 19
.
[W]hy write I still all one, EVER THE SAME,
[A]nd keep invention in a NOTed WEED,
[T]hat EVERy word doth almost tell my name,
. Showing their birth and where they did proceed?
---------------------------------------------------------
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ahnelson/LIBELS/libel7.html
.
Testimony of Roger Townsend, following an incident of Monday
18 June 1582. Previously printed by Pollen (1919), pp. 34-6.
.
According to your Honors comaundementes, I have sett downe my
knowledge, & remembraunces of my speches concerning cawsis of
my Lord of *OXFORTHS* & Mr Knevetes which is as followith /
--------------------------------------------------------------
SOCRATES: One, two, three; but where, my dear Timaeus,
. is *THE FOURTH* of those who were yesterday my guests
. and are to be my ENTERTAINERS today?
.
Timaeus: He has been taken ill, Socrates; for he would not willingly
. have been absent from this gathering.
.
SOCRATES: Then, if he is not coming, you and the two others
. must supply his place.
------------------------------------------------------------
<<THESE SONNETS ALL BY EVER THE FORTH *T*>>
. [ *FOURTH* = *VIERDE* (Dutch)]
-----------------------------------------------------
<<To the memorie of M. W. Shakes-speare.>> -- I.M.
.............................
Wee thought thee dead, but this thy printed *WORTH* ,
Tels thy Spectators, that thou went'st but *FORTH*
--------------------------------------------------------
___*WORTH* : *VERDI* (Norwegian)
___*WORTH* : *VÆRDI* (Danish)
___*FORTH* : *FORD* (Middle English)
------------------------------------------------------------
Epistle To The Great Variety of Readers [First Folio, 1623]
.............................
It had bene a thing, we confesse, *WORTHIE* to have bene wished,
that the Author himselfe had liv'd to have *SET FORTH*,
and *o(VER)s(E)en* his owne writings ; - Heminge. Condell.
..................................................
*osen* : *oxen* (Dutch)
--------------------------------------------------------
THE CANTERBURY INTERLUDE AND MERCHANT'S TALE OF BERYN
http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/TEAMS/beryntxt.htm
.
The Clerk that was of *OXENFORTH* onto the Sompnore seyd,
-------------------------------------------------------
. Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens
.
'You skate, of course, Winkle?' said Wardle.
'Ye-yes; oh, yes,' replied Mr. Winkle.
. 'I--I--am RATHER out of practice.'
'Oh, DO skate, Mr. Winkle,' said Arabella.
. 'I like to see it so much.'
. 'Oh, it is SO graceful,' said another young lady.
A third young lady said it was elegant, and a FOURTH
. expressed her opinion that it was 'SWAN-like.'
'I should be VERy happy, I'm sure,' said Mr. Winkle,
reddening; 'but I have no skates.'
------------------------------------------------------------
. The Dead by James Joyce
.
A few light taps upon the pane made him turn to the window.
It had begun to snow again. He watched sleepily the flakes, silVER
and dark, falling obliquely against the lamplight. The time had come
for him *TO SET OUT* on his journey westward. Yes, the newspapers were
right: snow was general all OVER Ireland. it was falling on EVERy part
of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon
the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark
mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon EVERy part of the
lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried.
It lay thickly drifted on the CROOKED CROSSES and headstones,
on the SPEARS of the little GATE, on the barren thorns.
His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly
through the uniVERse and faintly falling, like the descent
of their last end, upon all the living and the dead.
----------------------------------------------------------------
We cannot go beyond our owne powers. Country hands reach FOORTH milke,
creame, fruites, or what they have : and many Nations (we have heard)
that had not gummes & incense, obtained their requests with a leavened
Cake. It was no fault to approach their Gods, by what meanes they
could: And the most, though meanest, of thins are made more precious,
when they are dedicated to Temples. In that name therefore, we most
humbly consecrate to your H.H. these remaines of your servant
Shakespeare; that what delight is in them, may be EVER
your L.L. the reputation his, & the faults ours,
if any be committed, by a payre so carefull to shew
their gratitude both to the LIVING, and the dead,
----------------------------------------------------
____ *VERDI* : *WORTH* (Norwegian)
----------------------------------------------------
Wee thought thee dead, but this *thy PRINTED WORTH* ,
Tels thy Spectators, that thou went'st but FORTH
To enter with applause. An Actors Art,
Can dye, and live, to acte a second part.
That's but an Exit of Mortalitie;
This, a Re-entrance to a Plaudite.
.
Paccuvius, Accius, him of Cordova dead,
[T]o life againe, to heare thy Buskin tread,
[A]nd SHAKE a stage : Or, when thy sockes were on,
[L]eave thee alone, for the comparison
[O]f all, that insolent Greece, or haughtie Rome
[S]ent FORTH, or since did from their ashes come.
Triumph, my Britaine, thou hast one to showe,
[T]o whom all scenes of Europe homage owe.
[H]e was not of an age, but for all time !
[A]nd all the Muses still were in their prime,
[W]hen like Apollo he came FORTH to warme
Our eares, or like a Mercury to charme !
.
And though you be a Magistrate of wit,
and sit on the Stage at Black-Friers, or the Cock-pit,
to arraigne Playes dailie, know, these Playes have
had their triall alreadie, and stood out all Appeales ;
and do now come *FORTH* quitted rather by a Decree
of Court, then any purchas'd Letters of commendation.
.
And though thou hadst small Latine, and lesse Greeke,
From thence to honour thee, I would not SEEKE
For names; but call *FORTH thund'ring* Æschilus,
Euripides, and Sophocles to us,
.
*Shine FORTH, thou Starre* of Poets, and with rage,
Or influence, chide, or cheere the drooping Stage;
--------------------------------------------------------------------
. http://www.webcom.com/shownet/medea/bulfinch/bull20.html
.
<<DaEDALUS was so proud of his achievements that he could not
bear the idea of a rival. His sister had placed her son *TALOS*
under his charge to be taught the mechanical arts.
*TALOS* was an apt scholar & gave striking evidences of ingenuity.
WALKING ON THE SEASHORE he picked up the SPINE OF A FISH.
Imitating it, he took a piece of iron and notched it
on the edge, and thus invented the HANDSAW.>>
------------------------------------------------------------------
12year old HANDSAW(boy): *TALOS* => Nephew: Edward de Vere?
.. HAWK(man): DaEDALUS => Uncle: Arthur Golding?
.
HAMLET I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is
. .. southerly I know a *HAWK* from a *HANDSAW*
.
*ARETE*, n. [F., lit., a sharp fish bone, ridge, sharp edge.]
-------------------------------------------------------------------
. P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses Book 8 (ed. Arthur Golding)
.
Did put him to thee to be taught full twelve yeares old and apt
To take instruction. He did marke the middle bone that goes
Through fishes, and according to the paterne tane of those
.
. *He filed teeth upon a piece of yron one by one*
.
. And so devised first the Saw where erst was never none.
-----------------------------------------------------
The Workes of William Shakespeare,
containing all his Comedies, Histories, and
Tragedies: *TRUEly SET FORTH* ,
according to their first O R I G I N A L L .
---------------------------------------------------
William Basse (1622) _On Mr. Wm. Shakespeare,
. he dyed in April 1616."
.
Renowned Spenser, lie a thought more nigh
To learned Chaucer; and RARE Beaumont, lie
A little nearer Spenser; to make room
For Shakespeare in your three-fold FOUR-fold tomb:
To LODGE all FOUR in one bed make a shift
Until Doomsday; for hardly WILL a FIFT,
Betwixt this day and that, by fate be slain
For whom your curtains may be drawn again.
But if precedency in death doth bar
A *FOURTH* place in your sacred sepulchre
Under this carved marble of thine own,
Sleep, RARE tragedian, Shakspeare, sleep alone:
Thy umnolested peace, unshared CAVE,
Possess as lord, not tenant, of thy grave;
That unto us and others it may be
Honour hereafter to be laid by thee.
------------------------------------------------------
3:14. Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them,
Is it TRUE, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, do not ye sERVE
my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have SET up?
.
. . . we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire?
. They answered and said unto the king, TRUE, O king.
.
He answered and said, LO, I see FOUR men loose,
walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt;
and the form of *THE FOURTH is like the SONNE of GOD*
-----------------------------------------------------------------
3:14. Pronunciansque Nabuchodonosor rex, ait eis:
. VERENE, SIDRACH, MISACH, ET ABDENAGO deos meos non colitis,
. et statuam auream, quam constitui, non adoratis?
---------------------------------------------------------------
<<They awarded BELOTT 20 NOBLES. . .later noting:
.
. *TOUS pere & gendre DESBAUCHEZ*
.
both [HUGUENOT] father & son-in-law are low-lifes]>>- E.K.Chambers
. http://www.usm.maine.edu/~rabrams/belott.html
..............................................
GONERIL: As you are old and REVEREnD , you should be WISE.
. HERE do you keep a hundred knights and squires;
. Men so disorder'd, so *DEBOSH'd* and bold,
..............................................
"he was not a COMPANY keeper lived in ShoreDITCH, wouldn't
. be DEBAUCHED, & if invited to writ: he was in paine."
..............................................
. DEBAUCH, v. t. & i. [F. D['E]BAUCHER,
. OF. BAUCHE, bauge, hut,
. cf. F. *bauge* : *LAIR OF A WILD BOAR* ]
..............................................
___ *FOURTH* : *ViERDE* (Dutch)
___ *LABOUR* : *VEER* (Danish)
___ *WILD BOAR* : *EVER* (Dutch)
------------------------------------------------
Trap The Erymanthian *BOAR - THE FOURTH LABOUR*
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/boar.html
.
<<For *THE FOURTH LABOUR* , Eurystheus ordered
Hercules to bring him the Erymanthian BOAR alive.
Now, a BOAR is a huge, wild pig with a bad temper,
and tusks growing out of its mouth.
.
This one was called the Erymanthian BOAR, because it
lived on a mountain called Erymanthus. EVERy day the BOAR
would come crashing down from his LAIR on the mountain,
attacking men and animals all OVER the countryside, gouging
them with its tusks, and destroying EVERything in its path.
.
It wasn't too hard for Hercules to find the BOAR. He could
hear the beast snorting and stomping as it rooted around
for something to eat. Hercules chased the BOAR round
and round the mountain, shouting as loud as he could.
The BOAR, frightened and out of breath, hid in a thicket.
Hercules poked his *SPEAR* into the thicket & drove
the exhausted animal into a deep patch of snow.
.
Then he trapped the BOAR in a net, and carried it all the
way to Mycenae. Eurystheus, again amazed & frightened by
the hero's powers, hid in his partly buried BRONZE JAR.>>
---------------------------------------------------------
. WILLIAM "The Magnetic Man" GILBERT's 300th birthday
.........................................................
. 24 May 1844, "What hath God wrought?"
.
<<This paper tape recording of the historic message transmitted
by Samuel [F.B.] Morse reads when decoded, "What hath God wrought?"
It was sent by him from the Supreme Court room in the Capitol to his
assistant, Alfred VAIL, in Baltimore. Morse's early system produced
a paper copy with raised dots and dashes, which were translated
later by an operator. Across the top of this historic achievement
Morse has given credit to Annie Ellsworth, the young daughter
of a good friend, for suggesting to him what message to send.
.
. She obtained it from the Bible,
NUMBERS 23:23.>> http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/atthtml/morse2.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBERS 23:23(Geneva) For there is no sorcery in Jacob,
. nor soothsaying in Israel: according to this time
. it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel,
. What *HATH* God *wrought* ?
.
. (From the last oracle of the non-Israelite prophet Balaam)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.icg.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/special/authors/gower/gow-flo...
. John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Tale of Florent, Book I
.
Florent this thing *HATH* undertake, The day was set, the time take,
Under his seal he *WROT* his oth, In such a wise and forth he goth
-------------------------------------------------------------------
_________________ <= 33 =>
.
. [T] OT___ [H] EONLIEBEGETTEROFTHESEINSVINGS
. [O] NN [E T] SMRWHALLHAPPINESSEANDTHATETE
. [R] NI__ [T(I)E] PROMISEDBYOVREVERLIVINGPOET
. [W] IS [H E T H] THEWELLWISHINGADVENTVRERIN
----------------------------------------------------------
Rose festival, Pergamum, Roman Empire
(May 24 - 26; see Rosalia, May 23)
.
Feast day of St Afra
.
Feast day of Ss Cyril & Methodius (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia)
Also known as 'Day of Culture and Literacy', is a national holiday
in Bulgaria celebrating Bulgarian culture and the invention of
the cyrilic alphabet by the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius.
These saints were brothers, known as "the apostles of the Slavs".
They are patron saints of the Danubian countries and of unity
between the Eastern & Western Churches. Cyril and Methodius
were two Bulgarians brothers born in Thessaloniki
in the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century,
who became missionaries of Christianity in Khazaria & Great
Moravia. They are believed to have devised and spread the Glagolitic
alphabet used for Slavonic manuscripts before the development of
the Cyrillic, an alphabet derived from Glagolitic, which with small
modifications is still used in a number of Slavic languages. May 24
is a widely celebrated national holiday in Bulgaria, the Feast day
of Ss Cyril & Methodius celebrating Bulgarian culture and the
invention of the Slavic (Glagolitic) alphabet by the brothers.
The brothers' feast day can be a little confusing: they are
commemorated on February 14 in the Western Church, including
Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran and Anglican Church. The Eastern
Orthodox Church has a commemoration day for Cyril on February 14
and for both brothers on May 11. In the Czech lands and Slovakia,
the two brothers were originally commemorated on March 9, but
Pope Pius IX changed this date to July 5. May 24, believed to
be the date of the arrival of the two brothers to Great Moravia
in 863, is a national holiday in the Czech Republic, a national
holiday in Slovakia and a national holiday in Bulgaria. The day
is widely celebrated by Bulgarians; in Sofia people put flowers
in front of the monument of St Cyril and St Methody (Methodius)
which is situated in front of the National Library.
.
Feast day of St David I, King of Scotland
.
Feast day of Ss Donatian and Rogatian
Feast day of St Gerard de Lunel
Feast day of St Jessica
Feast day of St Joanna
Feast day of St John del Prado
Feast day of St John of Montfort
Feast day of St Manahen
Feast day of St Marciana
Feast day of St Meletius
Feast day of St Nicetas of Pereaslav
Feast day of Our Lady, Help of Christians
Feast day of St Palladia
.
Feast day of St Patrick
.
Feast day of St Robustian
.
Feast day of St Simeon Stylites the Younger
Born at Antioch in 521, he died there on May 24, 597.
-Simeon's father died when the boy was five years old, and he became
the ward of a monk named John who lived nearby. When Simeon was seven,
the two moved onto platforms at the top of pillars in order to ensure
their solitude. Word spread about the sanctity & wisdom of the pair;
they attracted so many pilgrims & would-be disciples that at age 20,
Simeon came down from his pillar to hide in the mountains. Ten years
later there were more would-be students, and this time Simeon decided
to help them; he built a monastery for them, and in it placed a pillar
for himself. Ordained at age 35; the bishop climbed onto the platform
to impose his hands. Simeon celebrated Mass on his platform, and
the monks climbed a ladder to receive Communion. Healer & miracle
worker, he spent 69 of his 76 years living off the ground.?
.
And another Simeon Stylites
'Simeon Stylites III, another pillar hermit, who also bore the name
Simeon, is honoured by both the Greeks & the Copts. He is hence
believed to have lived in the 5th century before the breach which
occurred between these Churches. But it must be confessed that very
little certain is known of him. He is believed to have been struck
by lightning upon his pillar, built near Hegca in Cicilia.?
.
Feast day of St Vincent of Lerins (Vincentius of L?rins)
(Monkey poppy, or Oriental poppy, PAPA-VER orientalE,
http://seeds.thompson-morgan.com/pix/m/seeds/4/gww4249.jpg
is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)
Gallic author of early writings on Christianity. He reacted against
some of St Augustine of Hippo's views concerning predestination,
and adopted some semi-Pelagian tenets that were later considered
unorthodox, though his views were supported
.
by such as St Robert Bellarmine. Died c. 445.
Feast day of St Vincent of Porto
Feast day of St Zoellus
.
Formerly (British) Commonwealth Day
(Now celebrated Commonwealth-wide on the second Monday in March.)
.
Formerly Empire Day, it's the birthday of Jan Christian SMUTS(1870),
originator of the concept of the British Commonwealth. It is observed
in Canada on the first Monday preceding May 25. Australia used to
celebrate a half holiday on which children (until approx 1965) came
home from school at lunchtime and customarily built a bonfire for that
evening's fireworks celebrations. (Evans Wentz, Tibetan Book of the
Dead, p. 116) "The late Lama Kazi DawoSandup told me that, because
Tibetans saw the likeness of Queen Victoria on English coins and
recognized it as being that of Dolma, there developed throughout Tibet
during the Victorian Era a belief that Dolma had come back to birth
again to rule the world in the person of the Great Queen of England."
----------------------------------
Almaniac Barbara Holmes writes:
.
Empire Day is the 24th May
Empire Day is the 24th May
Empire Day is the 24th May
as we go marching by
Glory Glory Halleluiyea
Glory Glory Halleluiyea
Glory Glory Halleluiyea
as we go marching on.
.
Guess the tune?
.
We had TINn cans & we used to rattle them to collect
pennies in the as the parade when round the streets.
----------------------------------
Victoria Day, Canada
In Quebec, it is known as Journ?e nationale des patriotes.
May 24 is Canada's first long weekend of the summer season.
It is tradition in many places, especially Newfoundland & Labrador,
to go camping during this weekend, or celebrate by drinking.
The holiday is often referred to as 'the May Two-Four' ?
a 'two-four' being slang for a case of beer (24 bottles or cans).
.
Bermuda Day, Bermuda
.
Crawfish Festival, Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, USA, Memorial Day
This is an annual Memorial Day (last Monday in May) fest
at Breaux Bridge, a Louisiana town of 30,000.
.
Today is a public holiday all states except South Carolina & Virginia.
------------------------------
___ Born on May 24
.
15 BCE Germanicus (Julius Caesar Claudianus Germanicus;
d. October 10, 19 CE), member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
.
1544 William Gilbert (d. 1603)
.
1616 John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale, (d. 1682)
.
1619 Philips Wouwerman, painter (d. 1668)
.
1650 John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough
.
1686 Gabriel Fahrenheit (d. September 16, 1736),
German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer
1738 King George III born
.
1743 French Revolutionary, journalist & physician *JEAN-Paul Marat*
.
1810 Abraham Geiger, rabbi and scholar (d. 1874)
.
1816 Emanuel Leutze, painter of Washington Crossing the Delaware
.
1819 Queen *Victoria* born on her grandfather's 81st
______ birthday, six months before the mad king's death.
(There were 8 assassination attempts on Queen Victoria and
on 4 May, 1840 *EDWARD OXFORD* bought guns to shoot Victoria.)
.
1831 Richard Hoffman, pianist
.
1864 George Washington Carver, scientist, teacher &
humanitarian, who advanced African-American education
in the USA; known for the development of peanut products
.
1870 Benjamin Cardozo, US jurist (d. 1938)
.
1893 Walter Baade, astronomer
.
1938 Tommy Chong, one half of Cheech and Chong,
.
1941 Bob Dylan (Shabtai Zisel ben Avraham v'Rachel Riva;
Robert Allen Zimmerman) American folk-rock musician
.
1944 Patti LaBelle, American singer
.
1944 Frank Oz, puppeteer, writer, producer, actor, director
.
1945 Priscilla Presley, widow of Elvis and an actress.
.
1955 Rosanne Cash, American singer
----------------------------------------
____ May 24 events
...........................................
592 Death of St Simeon Stylites the Younger.
.
1153, St David I, King of Scotland, dies at Carlisle.
. David established Norman law in Scotland, set up
. the office of chancellor, and began the feudal court.
Numerous almshouses, leper-hospitals, & infirmaries established.
.
1218 The Fifth Crusade left Acre for Egypt.
.
1276 Magnus Ladul's was crowned King of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral.
.
1430 Joan of Arc captured by the Burgundians;
.
1487 Joiner/undercook LAMBERT SIMNEL crowned as Edward VI
.
1543 First copy of Polish astronomer Canon Nicolaus Copernicus's
(1473-1543) book on astronomy, De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions
of the Heavenly Spheres), was brought to him on his deathbed.
.
1544 William Gilbert born.
.
1607 Jamestown [1st permanent Eng. settlement] founded.
.
1610, GATES issues _The Divine, Moral, & Martial Laws_
The day before GATES (acting as Virginia's first governor until
arrival of Thomas West-Lord De La Warr), John Rolfe, Ralph Hamor,
Sir George Somers, and other survivors of the Sea Venture wrecked
at Bermuda arrive at Jamestown. Find 60 survivors of the starving
time. "Viewing the fort, we found the palisades torn down, the ports
open, the GATES from off the hinges, and the empty houses (which
owners had taken from them) rent up and burnt, rather than the
dwellers would step into the woods a stone's cast off from them to
fetch other firewood. And it is true, the Indians killed as fast
without, if our men stirred but beyond the bounds of their
blockhouse,... " -- William Strachey (Wright 1964:64)
.
1612 Death of Robert Cecil (b. 1563), 1st Earl of Salisbury.
.
1626 Peter Minuit bought Manhattan.
.
1689 Act of Toleration passed Parliament Protecting
Protestants (Roman Catholics intentionally excluded).
.
1725, Famous highwaymen, Jonathan Wild, hanged.
.
1738, At age 35, John Wesley, although he had already been a
missionary to the natives of America, was converted to Christianity
(ie, he gained true belief) at about 8.45 pm in a meeting in
Aldersgate St, London, while listening to the reading of
Martin Luther's preface to the Epistle of Romans. Thus it
is said that today the Methodist Church was established.
.
1764, Boston lawyer James Otis denounces
_____ "taxation without representation".
.
1787 Constitutional Convention convened after a quorum
. of delegates arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
.
1794 French revolutionary Maximilien Robespierre cheated death a
2nd time when Cecile Renault failed in her assassination attempt.
.
1798 Irish nationalists rebelled against British occupation forces,
. believing that French troops were going to invade Ireland.
.
1806, Clark writes that *JEAN (POMPY) BAPTISTE* is sick
.
1809 The establishment of England's Dartmoor Prison,
. to house French prisoners of war.
.
1810 Argentina began revolt against Spain.
.
1814 Pope Pius VII returned to Rome following Napoleonic exile.
.
1822 Battle of Pichincha: Simon Bolovar secures Quito
.
1833 Official opening of New York's Brooklyn Bridge.
.
1844, Magnetic typing: "What hath God wrought?"
. WILLIAM "The Magnetic Man" GILBERT's 300th birthday
-----------------------------------------------------------------
. In 1632, Ben Jonson wrote _The Magnetic Lady_
. an "Ideal Match" for WILLIAM GILBERT "The Magnetic Man"
----------------------------------------------------------------
Both Will Shakspere & Robert BURNS had brothers named GILBERT.
.
<<In 1600 in a landmark book British physician & naturalist WILLIAM
GILBERT proposed the idea that the earth may have a magnetic field.
Shakespeare seemed aware of this theory: in Troilus and Cressida
(1601-1602) he writes, (III.2.184-186) "as TRUE as steel, as plantage
to the moon/As sun to day, as turtle to her mate/ As iron to adamant,
*as earth to the centre* ." In the same play, (IV.2.109-111)
"But the strong base and building of my love/
Is as the very centre of the earth / Drawing all things to it.">>
-- _Shakespeare In The Stars_ Altschuler
--------------------------------------------------------------
. Physicians to James I
. GILBER(t) & HARVEY
. [G(a)BRIEL HARVEY]
.
William GILBERT & William HARVEY's letters &
manuscripts burned up in the London Fire of 1666.
------------------------------------------------------------
1846 Gen. Zachary Taylor captured Monterrey, Mexico.
.
1848 Death of German poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
.
1849 Fatally ill Anne Bronte leaves for home.
.
1856 Five slavery advocates massacred at Pottawatomie
. Creek by Free-Staters led by abolitionist John Brown.
.
1861 Union troops occupy Alexandria, Va.
.
1861 Leo Tolstoy, visiting Ivan Turgenev, was shown proofs of
Fathers & Sons. Tolstoy, after skimming a few pages, fell asleep.
.
1862 Westminster Bridge over the Thames was opened.
.
1862 First trial run of London Underground.
.
1862 Verne's Balloon reaches Lake *Victoria*
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/tm-opportunity/images/MERB_819...
http://www.scuba-diving-safaris.co.uk/destinations/gozo/images/gozo_m...
.
1863 a Sunday, my uncle, Professor Lidenbrock, came rushing
back towards his little house, at No. 19 Konigstrasse,
one of the oldest streets in the historic part of Hamburg.
.
1883 The Brooklyn Bridge opens between Lower Manhattan
& Brooklyn by President Chester A. Arthur & N.Y. governor Grover
Cleveland. Designed by John Roebling; finished son Washington.
.
1895 Henry Irving : first person from British theatre knighted
.
1895 Oscar Wilde convicted on a morals charge in London.
.
1899 First public parking garage in the U.S. opened in Boston.
.
1900 Boer War: United Kingdom annexed the Orange Free State.
.
1906 British suffragist Dora Montefiore protested
. the lack of women's vote by refusing to pay taxes
. & barricading her house against bailiffs.
.
1915 World War I: Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary.
.
1921 The beginning of the trial of Sacco & Vanzetti,
. anarchist labor organizers, in Massachusetts, USA.
.
1929 Debut of the first Marx Brothers movie: 'The Cocoanuts'
-----------------------------------------------------------
<<Mr. Hammer runs a bankrupt Florida hotel. He'll try anything
to make money, even make love to rich Mrs. Potter. But his main
scheme, selling real estate, is in danger of sabotage from
zanies Chico & Harpo, who also reduce the schemes of a pair
of jewel thieves to chaos. A subplot involves the
star-crossed love of Polly Potter & architect Bob Adams.>>
...............................................
Hammer: [on phone] You want to know where you can get
a hold of Mrs. Potter? I don't know, she's awfully ticklish.
...............................................
Hammer: I can see it now: you and the moon
. - wear a necktie so I'll know you.
...............................................
Chico: Right now I'd do anything for money.
. I'd kill somebody for money. I'd kill *you* for money.
.
. [Harpo looks dejected]
.
Chico: Ha ha ha. Ah, no. You're my friend. I'd kill you for nothing.
...............................................
Hammer: What would you like?
. Would you like a suite on the third floor?
.
Chico: No. I'll take a Pollack in the basement.
...............................................
Hammer: Now here is a little peninsula
. and here is a viaduct leading over to the mainland.
.
Chico: Why a duck?
...............................................
Hammer: All along the river, those are all levees.
.
Chico: That's the Jewish neighborhood?
.
Hammer: Well, we'll pass over that.
----------------------------------------------
1940 Sikorsky : the first successful single-rotor helicopter flight.
.
1941 German battleship Bismarck sank the HMS Hood.
. Nearly 1,400 were killed in the tragedy.
.
1944 Winston Churchill proposed a world peace organisation.
.
1961 Freedom Riders were arrested in Jackson, Mississippi
for 'disturbing the peace' after disembarking from their bus.
.
1962 Scott Carpenter orbited the Earth three times in Aurora 7.
.
1976 Washington, DC, USA, Concorde flights began.
.
1993 Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia.
.
2001 Mountain climbing: 15-year-old Sherpa Temba Tsheri:
. the youngest to climb to the summit of Mount Everest.
-------------------------------------------------------
Art Neuendorffer