If we look at Neo4j graph.features() we can see that neo4j doesn't support lists but only arrays. Thus, cast to array[].
gremlin> graph = Neo4jGraph.open('/tmp/nerfo')
==>neo4jgraph[community single [/tmp/nerfo]]
==>graphtraversalsource[neo4jgraph[community single [/tmp/nerfo]], standard]
gremlin> graph.addVertex(label, "achandak-org/USERS/Alice", "type",["USERS", "USERS-NEW"] as String[] )
==>v[0]
gremlin> graph.tx().commit()
==>null
gremlin> g.V().valueMap(true)
==>[label:achandak-org/USERS/Alice,id:0,type:[[USERS, USERS-NEW]]]
Also, it is preferred to use the traversal API to do it all in one shot.
gremlin> g.V().hasLabel("achandak-org/USERS/Alice").property("type",["USERS", "USERS-NEW"] as String[])
==>v[0]
gremlin> g.tx().commit()
==>null
gremlin> g.V().valueMap(true)
==>[label:achandak-org/USERS/Alice,id:0,type:[[USERS, USERS-NEW]]]