Hi Dennis,
Great description of you issue and problems. I think the solution to your problem is to uninstall gqrx that you installed from the PPA and install it from pybombs.
If you search the archive of this mailing list you will find many emails where Alex says that gqrx cannot be installed side by side with gnuradio because gqrx installs gnuradio libraries so you then have two versions of the same library installed. If installed correctly your HackRF will work fine 'out of the box' with gqrx.
I used to run gnuradio and gqrx both installed from pybombs until I tried pybombs2 and everything fell apart. I plan to do a clean install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS when it is released to solve this.
Regards
Simon.