While it is a Developer Tools feature question, it is not really about it (you want to know why things are slow, basically), but apparently about a browser issue. :(
I do not think it is the disk cache, just because I would expect extensions not to be cached (they are already on the disk, caching already local content does not make sense). But maybe.
Two things you can try -
- Go to chrome://net-internals and watch the Events tab for requests related to your extension. Then go to your extension page, wait for it to finish loading and go over the chrome://net-internals entries. It sometimes shows user readable statuses.
- Go to chrome://tracing, start the trace, go to your extension page, wait for it to finish and stop the chrome://tracing trace. Go over things there and see if there is a long function call.
Anyway, unless you drive is extremely busy in the WebStore originated extension case (perhaps the unpacked extension is on a less busy drive?), this sounds like a bug.
You can search
crbug.com for an existing issue and star it. If you cannot find one, file a new issue using the "New issue" link on the same page.
Please, do not add a "+1" or "Me too" or "Confirmed" (or similar) comment. It just wastes the time of Chrome engineers and sends unnecessary e-mails to all of the people who starred the issue.
You can reply with a link to the found or created issue and might get triaged (and fixed) faster.