Detached DOM tree is when you create DOM elements but not inserting them to the document (or, removing elements from the document but still keep references to them in non garbage collected variables).
var someElement = document.createElement("bla"); // A detached DOM tree.
someElement.appendChild(document.createElement("bli")); // Still a detached DOM tree.
document.body.appendChild(someElement); // No longer detached.
var someOtherElement = document.body.firstChild // Non detached DOM tree.
someOtherElement = someOtherElement.parentNode.removeChild(someOtherElement); // A detached DOM tree.
These variables are global variables for the sake of this example. Global variables are never garbage collected, I believe.