Technically no. You can't upload your own training dataset, and train the AI to produce
your labels.
... but have had reasonable success building a second layer on top of the API, to produce custom labels. Not sure what the proper name is, some sort of Meta-AI.
Basically
1) Run all your existing images though the Cloud Vision API, and gather the feature labels it produces.
2) You now have a mapping of 'labels' to your own 'value' - although somewhat fuzzy. Will have a long list of labels for each value. Store these in a database
3) To 'search' images by your "value". first look at the image(s) with that value, and gather all the labels. THen look for the images with the most similar labels.
4) Can also do 'vision lookup' by uploading a image to the Cloud Vision API, and retrieveing a list of labels. Then search your database looking for the images with the most 'similar' labels. Take the 'value from the best match(es).
It doesnt matter that what the labels Google AI is detecting on the images, even if nothing like your 'values', just that they similar 'looking'. Say you have a value of 'animal'. The vision api may detect those images as a mixture of differnt animals (cow/dog etc), but you have a mapping back and forth, via your 'training' dataset.
Not an AI expert, so probably messing up the terminology, but the labels that Google's AI produces become almost like a set of hidden neurons on your final Meta-AI