Some things to think about:
* A database: Decide whether you want a traditional relational database (SQL), in which case you'll probably want PostgreSQL (or maybe MySQL); or a NoSQL database such as MongoDB. Then you'll need a module to access the database and probably give you a nice model-object-based interface to it. For Mongo, the official module is Mongoose.
* A client-side framework: For instance, Backbone. Also popular are Angular and Ember. Lots more listed at
http://todomvc.com
* User authentication: There is a good module that helps with this called Passport. It helps you do email/password signup, and also authenticate with third-party services like Facebook or Twitter.
There are lots of other modules that will probably end up being useful. For instance, if you need to storing images, you might want to put them in Amazon S3. For that, you'll want an S3 module. In the end your app will use dozens of modules.
There's a lot to learn here; you might want to get a book on the topic. There are entire book that walk you through how to build an app with Express—great for beginners.
Hope that helps; I didn't dig up links for most of the above but you can easily find them by searching.
Best of luck,
Jason