I'm not super enthused by the BeagleBoards/Bones.
The reason is that, for small robust embedding, Teensy is much more affordable.
And for bigger, smarter things, the Raspberry Pi is both cheaper and more powerful.
The RPi is short on PWM, and has to emulate encoders with GPIO interrupts, though, so for low-level control, the Teensies seem better.
Speaking of which: The Teensy 3.5 and 3.5 have more RAM/ROM than the typical initial UNIX minicomputer of the '80s.
It should be possible to run some Linux-like OS on those, if you wanted to. They don't have a full MMU, so no virtual memory, but that's probably OK :-)
Sincerely,
jw