Weird...just realized that was happening, it ran just fine in the inital RStudio window but I had the same issue in two different browsers. However, for some reason it does work just fine if you put the shiny/map chunk first, and the bullets second. I have no idea why.
As for using leafletr, you need to create an html map first (example below). Then as long as that html file is in the same location as your Rmd file, and you aren't using any other shiny based chunks, you can simply reference that html in your Rmd, and write your entire Rmd file (or slides) to a html file. It embeds the html map into your slides (and seems to work fine with 2 column slide layouts). Bear in mind you do need internet to surf around a bit, but it's still stand-alone which is nice. leafletr is a little more involved than the basic leaflet package because it needs a spatial dataframe (points or polygons) to work, and it's best if reading from a geojson type file (you can always convert shapefiles, gpx, kmz, etc. to geojson). I tried to set up an example below so you can see this all in action. Let me know if you have questions, hopefully this works on your machine. The Rmd file I used for all this is attached.
## leafletR example:
library(sp)
library(leafletR)
library(rgdal)
# make some data
df<-data.frame(long=seq(-121.8008,-121.8908,-0.0100),
lat=seq(38.6295, 38.7195,0.0100), label=sprintf("Panel %d",1:10))
# designate your lat/longs
xy <- df[,c(1,2)]
# use rgdal to create spatial data frame (and add projection WGS84)
spdf <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(coords = xy,
data = df,
proj4string = CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84"))
# convert to GeoJSON (efficient storage of spatial data...can save data with webpage)
dfjson<-toGeoJSON(data=spdf, name="tst")
# now try making a leafletR map
map<-leaflet(data=dfjson, style=styleSingle(col="blue", fill.alpha=0.8),
base.map=list("osm","tls"))
# view map
browseURL(map)