Hi,
Well, it would probably not die immediately.
I was just checking that in the schematics.
http://dl.cubieboard.org/model/cc-a80/Hardware/
The line from J10 ("5V IN") is named "ACIN"
(page 5 upper left corner).
ACIN serves as "Adapter input" to the AXP809,
which according to the datasheet tolerates up to 6.3V.
It's borderline, but your cubieboard
will probably not break immediately.
For the daily use you should still get a 5V supply,
put's less stress on the part and you're safe
against voltage drift in your AC adapter output.
Cheers, Matthias