you could create your own. this is somewhat inflexible, but it shows the
basic idea:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\newbool{firstuse}
\booltrue{firstuse}
\newcommand{\longshort}{% <-- need arguments?
\ifbool{firstuse}%
% true: do long citation, and set to false:
{\texttt{\string\citet[hereafter NC15]{MNorrisKCarlsson83a}}%
\boolfalse{firstuse}}%
% false: just use shortform
{NC15}%
}
\begin{document}
First use: \longshort.
Second use: \longshort.
Reset? \booltrue{firstuse}
`First' use: \longshort.
\end{document}
a better option, if your workflow can handle it, is to use biblatex
(and -- though not required -- biber), which has a 'shorthand' field.
cheers,
jon.