The problem appears on a validation stage:
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-antrun-plugin:1.7:run (ant-phase-verify) on project checkstyle: An Ant BuildException has occured: The following error occurred while executing this line:
[ERROR] /home/travis/build/checkstyle/checkstyle/config/ant-phase-verify.xml:35: Checkstyle failed: Got 80 errors and 0 warnings.
And here's why: when you fixed FinalLocalVariable check it started working as expected. This check is included in checkstyle/config/checkstyle_checks.xml. The last stage of Checkstyle's maven build is running Checkstyle on its own sources and if there are violations the build fails.
From the travis log:
...
[checkstyle] /home/travis/build/checkstyle/checkstyle/src/main/java/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/filters/CSVFilter.java:94:24: Variable 'filter' should be declared final.
[checkstyle] /home/travis/build/checkstyle/checkstyle/src/main/java/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/filters/SuppressionCommentFilter.java:447:18: Variable 'tag' should be declared final.
[checkstyle] /home/travis/build/checkstyle/checkstyle/src/main/java/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/filters/SuppressionCommentFilter.java:475:34: Variable 'eleont' should be declared final.
[checkstyle] /home/travis/build/checkstyle/checkstyle/src/main/java/com/puppycrawl/tools/checkstyle/filters/SuppressionCommentFilter.java:489:24: Variable 'comment' should be declared final.
It means that you have to fix FinalLocalVariable check's violations in Checkstyle sources in order so maven build was successful.