In short - no, you can't. CEF is multiprocess browser. CEF requires and DO lot of additional things which can be incompatible with external host.
But you still can consider about out-of-process browser hosting. E.g. your DLL drop files, starts subprocess and once browser created via IPC it can reparent window and window will appear like in your big application. But actually "big application" only use own plugin and some kind of IPC.
I'm used similar way in desktop outlook integration for example (otherwise it is risky to get failure of whole outlook).
This kind solution is near-ideal (well, far from ideal, but it is far better than any others, and it is stable in sense that "plugin" will not crash host).
Practically... for not experienced user this task can be too hard, so i'm suggest choose more easier solution. For example what about update IE and use it in standard web browser control? :)