On Apr 28, 5:42 pm, Bill Bowden <
bper...@bowdenshobbycircuits.info>
wrote:
Observer
And what if we learn to find and navigate a worm hole
Stephen Hawking site..
A beam of light traversing a path between two points in curved space-
time can take longer to complete the journey than a hypothetical
spaceship taking advantage of a wormhole’s shortcut connection between
the two distinct regions of space-time.
Albert Einstein
Singularities
Black Holes
Michio Kaku: Travelling Through Time
Although they may seem more the stuff of science fiction than science
fact, physicists first dreamed up the idea of wormholes. In 1935,
Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen realized that general relativity
allows the existence of “bridges,” originally called Einstein-Rosen
bridges but now known as wormholes. These space-time tubes act as
shortcuts connecting distant regions of space-time. By journeying
through a wormhole, you could travel between the two regions faster
than a beam of light would be able to if it moved through normal space-
time. As with any mode of faster-than-light travel, wormholes offer
the possibility of time travel.
Until recently, theorists believed that wormholes could exist
for only an instant of time, and anyone trying to pass through would
run into a singularity. But more recent calculations show that a truly
advanced civilization might be able to make wormholes work. By using
something physicists call “exotic matter,” which has a negative
energy, the civilization could prevent a wormhole from collapsing on
itself. The stuff of science fiction, to be sure. But perhaps some day
in the far future, it could also turn into science fact.
[end quote]
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/strange/html/wormhole.html
[quote]
In physics, a wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature of
spacetime that would be, fundamentally, a "shortcut" through
spacetime. For a simple visual explanation of a wormhole, consider
spacetime visualized as a two-dimensional (2D) surface. If this
surface is folded along a third dimension, it allows one to picture a
wormhole "bridge". (Please note, though, that this is merely a
visualization displayed to convey an essentially unvisualisable
structure existing in 4 or more dimensions. The parts of the wormhole
could be higher-dimensional analogues for the parts of the curved 2D
surface; for example, instead of mouths which are circular holes in a
2D plane, a real wormhole's mouths could be spheres in 3D space.) A
wormhole is, in theory, much like a tunnel with two ends each in
separate points in spacetime.
There is no observational evidence for wormholes, but on a theoretical
level there are valid solutions to the equations of the theory of
general relativity which contain wormholes. Because of its robust
theoretical strength, a wormhole is also known as one of the great
physics metaphors for teaching general relativity. The first type of
wormhole solution discovered was the Schwarzschild wormhole which
would be present in the Schwarzschild metric describing an eternal
black hole, but it was found that this type of wormhole would collapse
too quickly for anything to cross from one end to the other. Wormholes
which could actually be crossed, known as traversable wormholes, would
only be possible if exotic matter with negative energy density could
be used to stabilize them. (Many physicists such as Stephen Hawking,
[1] Kip Thorne,[2] and others[3][4][5] believe that the Casimir effect
is evidence that negative energy densities are possible in nature.)
Physicists have not found any natural process which would be predicted
to form a wormhole naturally in the context of general relativity,
although the quantum foam hypothesis is sometimes used to suggest that
tiny wormholes might appear and disappear spontaneously at the Planck
scale,[6][7] and stable versions of such wormholes have been suggested
as dark matter candidates.[8][9] It has also been proposed that if a
tiny wormhole held open by a negative-mass cosmic string had appeared
around the time of the Big Bang, it could have been inflated to
macroscopic size by cosmic inflation.[10]
The American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler coined the
term wormhole in 1957; however, in 1921, the German mathematician
Hermann Weyl already had proposed the wormhole theory, in connection
with mass analysis of electromagnetic field energy.[11]
This analysis forces one to consider situations...where there is a net
flux of lines of force, through what topologists would call "a handle"
of the multiply-connected space, and what physicists might perhaps be
excused for more vividly terming a "wormhole".
—John Wheeler in Annals of Physics
[end quote]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole
Psychonomist
>
> -Bill