You can use the returned data from cloudformation to call
add_host, then start a new play that targets that host, or set up an EC2 dynamic inventory script that will pick up the host(s) you're creating and conditionally call meta: inventory_refresh when you know an instance got created (then do the same thing: start another play that touches the right host(s)). I personally prefer the add_host approach as it's more definitive that you're touching exactly the right host, but potato, potahto...
-Matt