How to open xterm that is ATTACHED as a tab to another xterm

[ceg]

I can open an xterm easily from the command line but how do I open a
second xterm that is *attached* as a *tab* to the first xterm?

This opens an xterm:
$ xterm -sb -geometry 80x100 -fg white -bg blue -n "xterm1" -fn 10x20 &

But, the only way I know of to attach a second xterm to the first, from
the command line, is to open the second xterm and then manually right
click on its top bar to select "Attach as tab to" and then selecting
the first xterm.

Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the command
line?

[Marek Novotny]

So first I don't know how to do what it is you're asking. That being
said I have something I think is far better. That is tmux. Tmux lets you
run multiple terms inside a tmux session. You should look into tmux.
Once you start to understand it you'll wonder why didn't use it sooner.

--
Marek Novotny
https://github.com/marek-novotny

[ceg]

On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 20:33:11 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:

> So first I don't know how to do what it is you're asking. That being
> said I have something I think is far better. That is tmux. Tmux lets you
> run multiple terms inside a tmux session. You should look into tmux.
> Once you start to understand it you'll wonder why didn't use it sooner.

I had looked in the manpage for xterm but all the mentions of 'tab' were
for the tab character, and not a window tab. I also googled, but found
nothing of use (surprisingly).

I installed tmux, using:
$ sudo apt-get install tmux

And will read the manpage to see if it will open up two tabbed terminals.
$ man tmux | col -b | vi -












TMUX(1) BSD General Commands
Manual TMUX(1)

NAME
tmux — terminal multiplexer

SYNOPSIS
tmux [-28lCquvV] [-c shell-command] [-f file] [-L socket-name] [-S
socket-path] [command [flags]]

DESCRIPTION
tmux is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to
be created, accessed, and con‐
trolled from a single screen. tmux may be detached from a screen
and continue running in the
background, then later reattached.

When tmux is started it creates a new session with a single window
and displays it on screen. A
status line at the bottom of the screen shows information on the
current session and is used to
enter interactive commands.

A session is a single collection of pseudo terminals under the
management of tmux. Each session
has one or more windows linked to it. A window occupies the entire
screen and may be split into
rectangular panes, each of which is a separate pseudo terminal (the
pty(4) manual page documents
the technical details of pseudo terminals). Any number of tmux
instances may connect to the same
session, and any number of windows may be present in the same
session. Once all sessions are
killed, tmux exits.

Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection
(such as ssh(1) connection
timeout) or intentional detaching (with the ‘C-b d’ key strokes).
tmux may be reattached using:

$ tmux attach

In tmux, a session is displayed on screen by a client and all
sessions are managed by a single
server. The server and each client are separate processes which
communicate through a socket in
/tmp.

The options are as follows:

-2 Force tmux to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.

-8 Like -2, but indicates that the terminal supports 88
colours.

-C Start in control mode. Given twice (-CC) disables
echo.

-c shell-command
Execute shell-command using the default shell. If
necessary, the tmux server will
be started to retrieve the default-shell option. This
option is for compatibility
with sh(1) when tmux is used as a login shell.

-f file Specify an alternative configuration file. By
default, tmux loads the system con‐
figuration file from /etc/tmux.conf, if present, then
looks for a user configuration
file at ~/.tmux.conf.

The configuration file is a set of tmux commands which
are executed in sequence when
the server is first started. tmux loads configuration
files once when the server
process has started. The source-file command may be
used to load a file later.

tmux shows any error messages from commands in
configuration files in the first ses‐
sion created, and continues to process the rest of the
configuration file.

-L socket-name
tmux stores the server socket in a directory under /
tmp (or TMPDIR if set); the
default socket is named default. This option allows a
different socket name to be
specified, allowing several independent tmux servers
to be run. Unlike -S a full
path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in
the same directory.

If the socket is accidentally removed, the SIGUSR1
signal may be sent to the tmux
server process to recreate it.

-l Behave as a login shell. This flag currently has no
effect and is for compatibility
with other shells when using tmux as a login shell.

-q Set the quiet server option to prevent the server
sending various informational mes‐
sages.

-S socket-path
Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
If -S is specified, the
default socket directory is not used and any -L flag
is ignored.

-u tmux attempts to guess if the terminal is likely to
support UTF-8 by checking the
first of the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LANG environment
variables to be set for the
string "UTF-8". This is not always correct: the -u
flag explicitly informs tmux
that UTF-8 is supported.

If the server is started from a client passed -u or
where UTF-8 is detected, the
utf8 and status-utf8 options are enabled in the global
window and session options
respectively.

-v Request verbose logging. This option may be specified
multiple times for increasing
verbosity. Log messages will be saved into tmux-
client-PID.log and
tmux-server-PID.log files in the current directory,
where PID is the PID of the
server or client process.

-V Report the tmux version.

command [flags]
This specifies one of a set of commands used to
control tmux, as described in the
following sections. If no commands are specified, the
new-session command is
assumed.

KEY BINDINGS
tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using a key
combination of a prefix key, ‘C-b’
(Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.

The default command key bindings are:

C-b Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the
application.
C-o Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
C-z Suspend the tmux client.
! Break the current pane out of the window.
" Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
# List all paste buffers.
$ Rename the current session.
% Split the current pane into two, left and right.
& Kill the current window.
' Prompt for a window index to select.
, Rename the current window.
- Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
. Prompt for an index to move the current window.
0 to 9 Select windows 0 to 9.
: Enter the tmux command prompt.
; Move to the previously active pane.
= Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a
list.
? List all key bindings.
D Choose a client to detach.
[ Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
] Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
c Create a new window.
d Detach the current client.
f Prompt to search for text in open windows.
i Display some information about the current window.
l Move to the previously selected window.
n Change to the next window.
o Select the next pane in the current window.
p Change to the previous window.
q Briefly display pane indexes.
r Force redraw of the attached client.
s Select a new session for the attached client
interactively.
L Switch the attached client back to the last
session.
t Show the time.
w Choose the current window interactively.
x Kill the current pane.
{ Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
} Swap the current pane with the next pane.
~ Show previous messages from tmux, if any.
Page Up Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
Up, Down
Left, Right
Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or
to the right of the current
pane.
M-1 to M-5 Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts:
even-horizontal, even-vertical,
main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
M-n Move to the next window with a bell or activity
marker.
M-o Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
M-p Move to the previous window with a bell or
activity marker.
C-Up, C-Down
C-Left, C-Right
Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
M-Up, M-Down
M-Left, M-Right
Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.

Key bindings may be changed with the bind-key and unbind-key
commands.

COMMANDS
This section contains a list of the commands supported by tmux.
Most commands accept the optional
-t argument with one of target-client, target-session target-window,
or target-pane. These spec‐
ify the client, session, window or pane which a command should
affect. target-client is the name
of the pty(4) file to which the client is connected, for example
either of /dev/ttyp1 or ttyp1 for
the client attached to /dev/ttyp1. If no client is specified, the
current client is chosen, if
possible, or an error is reported. Clients may be listed with the
list-clients command.

target-session is the session id prefixed with a $, the name of a
session (as listed by the
list-sessions command), or the name of a client with the same syntax
as target-client, in which
case the session attached to the client is used. When looking for
the session name, tmux ini‐
tially searches for an exact match; if none is found, the session
names are checked for any for
which target-session is a prefix or for which it matches as an
fnmatch(3) pattern. If a single
match is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches
produce an error. If a session
is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no current
session is available, the most
recently used is chosen.

target-window specifies a window in the form session:window.
session follows the same rules as
for target-session, and window is looked for in order: as a window
index, for example mysession:1;
as a window ID, such as @1; as an exact window name, such as
mysession:mywindow; then as an
fnmatch(3) pattern or the start of a window name, such as
mysession:mywin* or mysession:mywin. An
empty window name specifies the next unused index if appropriate
(for example the new-window and
link-window commands) otherwise the current window in session is
chosen. The special character
‘!’ uses the last (previously current) window, ‘^’ selects the
highest numbered window, ‘$’
selects the lowest numbered window, and ‘+’ and ‘-’ select the next
window or the previous window
by number. When the argument does not contain a colon, tmux first
attempts to parse it as window;
if that fails, an attempt is made to match a session.

target-pane takes a similar form to target-window but with the
optional addition of a period fol‐
lowed by a pane index, for example: mysession:mywindow.1. If the
pane index is omitted, the cur‐
rently active pane in the specified window is used. If neither a
colon nor period appears, tmux
first attempts to use the argument as a pane index; if that fails,
it is looked up as for
target-window. A ‘+’ or ‘-’ indicate the next or previous pane
index, respectively. One of the
strings top, bottom, left, right, top-left, top-right, bottom-left
or bottom-right may be used
instead of a pane index.

The special characters ‘+’ and ‘-’ may be followed by an offset, for
example:

select-window -t:+2

When dealing with a session that doesn't contain sequential window
indexes, they will be correctly
skipped.

tmux also gives each pane created in a server an identifier
consisting of a ‘%’ and a number,
starting from zero. A pane's identifier is unique for the life of
the tmux server and is passed
to the child process of the pane in the TMUX_PANE environment
variable. It may be used alone to
target a pane or the window containing it.

shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands. These must be passed as
a single item, which typi‐
cally means quoting them, for example:

new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'

command [arguments] refers to a tmux command, passed with the
command and arguments separately,
for example:

bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81

Or if using sh(1):

$ tmux bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81

Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a command
sequence. Each command should be
separated by spaces and a semicolon; commands are executed
sequentially from left to right and
lines ending with a backslash continue on to the next line, except
when escaped by another back‐
slash. A literal semicolon may be included by escaping it with a
backslash (for example, when
specifying a command sequence to bind-key).

Example tmux commands include:

refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2

rename-session -tfirst newname

set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on

new-window ; split-window -d

bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \
display-message "source-file done"

Or from sh(1):

$ tmux kill-window -t :1

$ tmux new-window \; split-window -d

$ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \; split-window -d \;
attach

CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
The tmux server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.
Clients are attached to sessions to
interact with them, either when they are created with the new-
session command, or later with the
attach-session command. Each session has one or more windows linked
into it. Windows may be
linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or more panes,
each of which contains a pseudo
terminal. Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating
windows are covered in the
WINDOWS AND PANES section.

The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:

attach-session [-dr] [-t target-session]
(alias: attach)
If run from outside tmux, create a new client in the current
terminal and attach it to
target-session. If used from inside, switch the current
client. If -d is specified, any
other clients attached to the session are detached. -r
signifies the client is read-only
(only keys bound to the detach-client or switch-client
commands have any effect)

If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to
start it; this will fail unless
sessions are created in the configuration file.

The target-session rules for attach-session are slightly
adjusted: if tmux needs to select
the most recently used session, it will prefer the most
recently used unattached session.

detach-client [-P] [-a] [-s target-session] [-t target-client]
(alias: detach)
Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client
specified with -t, or all clients
currently attached to the session specified by -s. The -a
option kills all but the client
given with -t. If -P is given, send SIGHUP to the parent
process of the client, typically
causing it to exit.

has-session [-t target-session]
(alias: has)
Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session
does not exist. If it does
exist, exit with 0.

kill-server
Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions.

kill-session
[-a] [-t target-session] Destroy the given session, closing
any windows linked to it and
no other sessions, and detaching all clients attached to
it. If -a is given, all sessions
but the specified one is killed.

list-clients [-F format] [-t target-session]
(alias: lsc)
List all clients attached to the server. For the meaning of
the -F flag, see the FORMATS
section. If target-session is specified, list only clients
connected to that session.

list-commands
(alias: lscm)
List the syntax of all commands supported by tmux.

list-sessions [-F format]
(alias: ls)
List all sessions managed by the server. For the meaning of
the -F flag, see the FORMATS
section.

lock-client [-t target-client]
(alias: lockc)
Lock target-client, see the lock-server command.

lock-session [-t target-session]
(alias: locks)
Lock all clients attached to target-session.

new-session [-AdDP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s session-name] [-
t target-session] [-x width]
[-y height] [shell-command]
(alias: new)
Create a new session with name session-name.

The new session is attached to the current terminal unless -
d is given. window-name and
shell-command are the name of and shell command to execute
in the initial window. If -d
is used, -x and -y specify the size of the initial window
(80 by 24 if not given).

If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters
are saved and used for new win‐
dows in the new session.

The -A flag makes new-session behave like attach-session if
session-name already exists;
in the case, -D behaves like -d to attach-session.

If -t is given, the new session is grouped with target-
session. This means they share the
same set of windows - all windows from target-session are
linked to the new session and
any subsequent new windows or windows being closed are
applied to both sessions. The cur‐
rent and previous window and any session options remain
independent and either session may
be killed without affecting the other. Giving -n or shell-
command are invalid if -t is
used.

The -P option prints information about the new session after
it has been created. By
default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:’ but a
different format may be specified
with -F.

refresh-client [-S] [-t target-client]
(alias: refresh)
Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single
client if one is given with -t.
If -S is specified, only update the client's status bar.

rename-session [-t target-session] new-name
(alias: rename)
Rename the session to new-name.

show-messages [-t target-client]
(alias: showmsgs)
Any messages displayed on the status line are saved in a per-
client message log, up to a
maximum of the limit set by the message-limit session option
for the session attached to
that client. This command displays the log for target-
client.

source-file path
(alias: source)
Execute commands from path.

start-server
(alias: start)
Start the tmux server, if not already running, without
creating any sessions.

suspend-client [-t target-client]
(alias: suspendc)
Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop).

switch-client [-lnpr] [-c target-client] [-t target-session]
(alias: switchc)
Switch the current session for client target-client to
target-session. If -l, -n or -p is
used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous
session respectively. -r toggles
whether a client is read-only (see the attach-session
command).

WINDOWS AND PANES
A tmux window may be in one of several modes. The default permits
direct access to the terminal
attached to the window. The other is copy mode, which permits a
section of a window or its his‐
tory to be copied to a paste buffer for later insertion into another
window. This mode is entered
with the copy-mode command, bound to ‘[’ by default. It is also
entered when a command that pro‐
duces output, such as list-keys, is executed from a key binding.

The keys available depend on whether emacs or vi mode is selected
(see the mode-keys option). The
following keys are supported as appropriate for the mode:

Function vi emacs
Back to indentation ^ M-m
Bottom of history G M-<
Clear selection Escape C-g
Copy selection Enter M-w
Cursor down j Down
Cursor left h Left
Cursor right l Right
Cursor to bottom line L
Cursor to middle line M M-r
Cursor to top line H M-R
Cursor up k Up
Delete entire line d C-u
Delete/Copy to end of line D C-k
End of line $ C-e
Go to line : g
Half page down C-d M-Down
Half page up C-u M-Up
Jump forward f f
Jump to forward t
Jump backward F F
Jump to backward T
Jump again ; ;
Jump again in reverse , ,
Next page C-f Page down
Next space W
Next space, end of word E
Next word w
Next word end e M-f
Paste buffer p C-y
Previous page C-b Page up
Previous word b M-b
Previous space B
Quit mode q Escape
Rectangle toggle v R
Scroll down C-Down or C-e C-Down
Scroll up C-Up or C-y C-Up
Search again n n
Search again in reverse N N
Search backward ? C-r
Search forward / C-s
Start of line 0 C-a
Start selection Space C-Space
Top of history g M->
Transpose characters C-t

The next and previous word keys use space and the ‘-’, ‘_’ and ‘@’
characters as word delimiters
by default, but this can be adjusted by setting the word-separators
session option. Next word
moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the
next word and previous word
to the start of the previous word. The three next and previous
space keys work similarly but use
a space alone as the word separator.

The jump commands enable quick movement within a line. For
instance, typing ‘f’ followed by ‘/’
will move the cursor to the next ‘/’ character on the current line.
A ‘;’ will then jump to the
next occurrence.

Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.
With vi key bindings, a prefix
is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and
a number begins prefix entry.
For example, to move the cursor forward by ten words, use ‘M-1 0 M-
f’ in emacs mode, and ‘10w’ in
vi.

When copying the selection, the repeat count indicates the buffer
index to replace, if used.

Mode key bindings are defined in a set of named tables: vi-edit and
emacs-edit for keys used when
line editing at the command prompt; vi-choice and emacs-choice for
keys used when choosing from
lists (such as produced by the choose-window command); and vi-copy
and emacs-copy used in copy
mode. The tables may be viewed with the list-keys command and keys
modified or removed with
bind-key and unbind-key. One command accepts an argument, copy-
pipe, which copies the selection
and pipes it to a command. For example the following will bind ‘C-
q’ to copy the selection into
/tmp as well as the paste buffer:

bind-key -temacs-copy C-q copy-pipe "cat >/tmp/out"

The paste buffer key pastes the first line from the top paste buffer
on the stack.

The synopsis for the copy-mode command is:

copy-mode [-u] [-t target-pane]
Enter copy mode. The -u option scrolls one page up.

Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes;
each pane takes up a certain
area of the display and is a separate terminal. A window may be
split into panes using the
split-window command. Windows may be split horizontally (with the -
h flag) or vertically. Panes
may be resized with the resize-pane command (bound to ‘C-up’, ‘C-
down’ ‘C-left’ and ‘C-right’ by
default), the current pane may be changed with the select-pane
command and the rotate-window and
swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes without changing their
position. Panes are numbered
beginning from zero in the order they are created.

A number of preset layouts are available. These may be selected
with the select-layout command or
cycled with next-layout (bound to ‘Space’ by default); once a layout
is chosen, panes within it
may be moved and resized as normal.

The following layouts are supported:

even-horizontal
Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the
window.

even-vertical
Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.

main-horizontal
A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and
the remaining panes are spread
from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom. Use
the main-pane-height window
option to specify the height of the top pane.

main-vertical
Similar to main-horizontal but the large pane is placed on
the left and the others spread
from top to bottom along the right. See the main-pane-width
window option.

tiled Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window
in both rows and columns.

In addition, select-layout may be used to apply a previously used
layout - the list-windows com‐
mand displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use
with select-layout. For exam‐
ple:

$ tmux list-windows
0: ksh [159x48]
layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
$ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}

tmux automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current
window size. Note that a layout
cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that from which
the layout was originally
defined.

Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:

break-pane [-dP] [-F format] [-t target-pane]
(alias: breakp)
Break target-pane off from its containing window to make it
the only pane in a new window.
If -d is given, the new window does not become the current
window. The -P option prints
information about the new window after it has been created.
By default, it uses the for‐
mat ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format
may be specified with -F.

capture-pane [-aepPq] [-b buffer-index] [-E end-line] [-S start-
line] [-t target-pane]
(alias: capturep)
Capture the contents of a pane. If -p is given, the output
goes to stdout, otherwise to
the buffer specified with -b or a new buffer if omitted. If
-a is given, the alternate
screen is used, and the history is not accessible. If no
alternate screen exists, an
error will be returned unless -q is given. If -e is given,
the output includes escape
sequences for text and background attributes. -C also
escapes non-printable characters as
octal \xxx. -J joins wrapped lines and preserves trailing
spaces at each line's end. -P
captures only any output that the pane has received that is
the beginning of an as-yet
incomplete escape sequence.

-S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero
is the first line of the vis‐
ible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history.
The default is to capture only
the visible contents of the pane.

choose-client [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into client choice mode, allowing a client to
be selected interactively from
a list. After a client is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the
client pty(4) path in template
and the result executed as a command. If template is not
given, "detach-client -t '%%'"
is used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS
section. This command works
only if at least one client is attached.

choose-list [-l items] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into list choice mode, allowing items to be
selected. items can be a comma-
separated list to display more than one item. If an item
has spaces, that entry must be
quoted. After an item is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the
chosen item in the template and
the result is executed as a command. If template is not
given, "run-shell '%%'" is used.
items also accepts format specifiers. For the meaning of
this see the FORMATS section.
This command works only if at least one client is attached.

choose-session [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into session choice mode, where a session may
be selected interactively from
a list. When one is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the session
name in template and the
result executed as a command. If template is not given,
"switch-client -t '%%'" is used.
For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section.
This command works only if at
least one client is attached.

choose-tree [-suw] [-b session-template] [-c window-template] [-S
format] [-W format] [-t
target-window]
Put a window into tree choice mode, where either sessions or
windows may be selected
interactively from a list. By default, windows belonging to
a session are indented to
show their relationship to a session.

Note that the choose-window and choose-session commands are
wrappers around choose-tree.

If -s is given, will show sessions. If -w is given, will
show windows.

By default, the tree is collapsed and sessions must be
expanded to windows with the right
arrow key. The -u option will start with all sessions
expanded instead.

If -b is given, will override the default session command.
Note that ‘%%’ can be used and
will be replaced with the session name. The default option
if not specified is "switch-
client -t '%%'". If -c is given, will override the default
window command. Like -b, ‘%%’
can be used and will be replaced with the session name and
window index. When a window is
chosen from the list, the session command is run before the
window command.

If -S is given will display the specified format instead of
the default session format.
If -W is given will display the specified format instead of
the default window format.
For the meaning of the -s and -w options, see the FORMATS
section.

This command works only if at least one client is attached.

choose-window [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into window choice mode, where a window may be
chosen interactively from a
list. After a window is selected, ‘%%’ is replaced by the
session name and window index
in template and the result executed as a command. If
template is not given, "select-win‐
dow -t '%%'" is used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see
the FORMATS section. This com‐
mand works only if at least one client is attached.

display-panes [-t target-client]
(alias: displayp)
Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by target-
client. See the
display-panes-time, display-panes-colour, and display-panes-
active-colour session options.
While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be selected
with the ‘0’ to ‘9’ keys.

find-window [-CNT] [-F format] [-t target-window] match-string
(alias: findw)
Search for the fnmatch(3) pattern match-string in window
names, titles, and visible con‐
tent (but not history). The flags control matching
behavior: -C matches only visible win‐
dow contents, -N matches only the window name and -T matches
only the window title. The
default is -CNT. If only one window is matched, it'll be
automatically selected, other‐
wise a choice list is shown. For the meaning of the -F
flag, see the FORMATS section.
This command works only if at least one client is attached.

join-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-
pane]
(alias: joinp)
Like split-window, but instead of splitting dst-pane and
creating a new pane, split it and
move src-pane into the space. This can be used to reverse
break-pane. The -b option
causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above dst-pane.

kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane]
(alias: killp)
Destroy the given pane. If no panes remain in the
containing window, it is also
destroyed. The -a option kills all but the pane given with -
t.

kill-window [-a] [-t target-window]
(alias: killw)
Kill the current window or the window at target-window,
removing it from any sessions to
which it is linked. The -a option kills all but the window
given with -t.

last-pane [-t target-window]
(alias: lastp)
Select the last (previously selected) pane.

last-window [-t target-session]
(alias: last)
Select the last (previously selected) window. If no target-
session is specified, select
the last window of the current session.

link-window [-dk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: linkw)
Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window.
If dst-window is specified and
no such window exists, the src-window is linked there. If -
k is given and dst-window
exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated. If -
d is given, the newly linked
window is not selected.

list-panes [-as] [-F format] [-t target]
(alias: lsp)
If -a is given, target is ignored and all panes on the
server are listed. If -s is given,
target is a session (or the current session). If neither is
given, target is a window (or
the current window). For the meaning of the -F flag, see
the FORMATS section.

list-windows [-a] [-F format] [-t target-session]
(alias: lsw)
If -a is given, list all windows on the server. Otherwise,
list windows in the current
session or in target-session. For the meaning of the -F
flag, see the FORMATS section.

move-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-
pane]
(alias: movep)
Like join-pane, but src-pane and dst-pane may belong to the
same window.

move-window [-rdk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: movew)
This is similar to link-window, except the window at src-
window is moved to dst-window.
With -r, all windows in the session are renumbered in
sequential order, respecting the
base-index option.

new-window [-adkP] [-c start-directory] [-F format] [-n window-name]
[-t target-window]
[shell-command]
(alias: neww)
Create a new window. With -a, the new window is inserted at
the next index up from the
specified target-window, moving windows up if necessary,
otherwise target-window is the
new window location.

If -d is given, the session does not make the new window the
current window.
target-window represents the window to be created; if the
target already exists an error
is shown, unless the -k flag is used, in which case it is
destroyed. shell-command is the
command to execute. If shell-command is not specified, the
value of the default-command
option is used. -c specifies the working directory in which
the new window is created.
It may have an absolute path or one of the following values
(or a subdirectory):

Empty string Current pane's directory
~ User's home directory
- Where session was started
. Where server was started

When the shell command completes, the window closes. See
the remain-on-exit option to
change this behaviour.

The TERM environment variable must be set to “screen” for
all programs running inside
tmux. New windows will automatically have “TERM=screen”
added to their environment, but
care must be taken not to reset this in shell start-up files.

The -P option prints information about the new window after
it has been created. By
default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#
{window_index}’ but a different format may
be specified with -F.

next-layout [-t target-window]
(alias: nextl)
Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to
fit.

next-window [-a] [-t target-session]
(alias: next)
Move to the next window in the session. If -a is used, move
to the next window with an
alert.

pipe-pane [-o] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
(alias: pipep)
Pipe any output sent by the program in target-pane to a
shell command. A pane may only be
piped to one command at a time, any existing pipe is closed
before shell-command is exe‐
cuted. The shell-command string may contain the special
character sequences supported by
the status-left option. If no shell-command is given, the
current pipe (if any) is
closed.

The -o option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe
exists, allowing a pipe to be tog‐
gled with a single key, for example:

bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'

previous-layout [-t target-window]
(alias: prevl)
Move to the previous layout in the session.

previous-window [-a] [-t target-session]
(alias: prev)
Move to the previous window in the session. With -a, move
to the previous window with an
alert.

rename-window [-t target-window] new-name
(alias: renamew)
Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if
specified, to new-name.

resize-pane [-DLRUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height]
[adjustment]
(alias: resizep)
Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with -
U, -D, -L or -R, or to an abso‐
lute size with -x or -y. The adjustment is given in lines
or cells (the default is 1).

With -Z, the active pane is toggled between zoomed
(occupying the whole of the window) and
unzoomed (its normal position in the layout).

respawn-pane [-k] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
(alias: respawnp)
Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
remain-on-exit window option).
If shell-command is not given, the command used when the
pane was created is executed.
The pane must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in
which case any existing command
is killed.

respawn-window [-k] [-t target-window] [shell-command]
(alias: respawnw)
Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
remain-on-exit window
option). If shell-command is not given, the command used
when the window was created is
executed. The window must be already inactive, unless -k is
given, in which case any
existing command is killed.

rotate-window [-DU] [-t target-window]
(alias: rotatew)
Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either
upward (numerically lower) with
-U or downward (numerically higher).

select-layout [-np] [-t target-window] [layout-name]
(alias: selectl)
Choose a specific layout for a window. If layout-name is
not given, the last preset lay‐
out used (if any) is reapplied. -n and -p are equivalent to
the next-layout and
previous-layout commands.

select-pane [-lDLRU] [-t target-pane]
(alias: selectp)
Make pane target-pane the active pane in window target-
window. If one of -D, -L, -R, or
-U is used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the
right, or above the target
pane is used. -l is the same as using the last-pane command.

select-window [-lnpT] [-t target-window]
(alias: selectw)
Select the window at target-window. -l, -n and -p are
equivalent to the last-window,
next-window and previous-window commands. If -T is given
and the selected window is
already the current window, the command behaves like last-
window.

split-window [-dhvP] [-c start-directory] [-l size | -p percentage]
[-t target-pane]
[shell-command] [-F format]
(alias: splitw)
Create a new pane by splitting target-pane: -h does a
horizontal split and -v a vertical
split; if neither is specified, -v is assumed. The -l and -
p options specify the size of
the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in cells (for
horizontal split), or as a
percentage, respectively. All other options have the same
meaning as for the new-window
command.

swap-pane [-dDU] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
(alias: swapp)
Swap two panes. If -U is used and no source pane is
specified with -s, dst-pane is
swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically); -D
swaps with the next pane (after
it numerically). -d instructs tmux not to change the active
pane.

swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: swapw)
This is similar to link-window, except the source and
destination windows are swapped. It
is an error if no window exists at src-window.

unlink-window [-k] [-t target-window]
(alias: unlinkw)
Unlink target-window. Unless -k is given, a window may be
unlinked only if it is linked
to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no
sessions; if -k is specified and
the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and
destroyed.

KEY BINDINGS
tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a
prefix key. When specifying
keys, most represent themselves (for example ‘A’ to ‘Z’). Ctrl keys
may be prefixed with ‘C-’ or
‘^’, and Alt (meta) with ‘M-’. In addition, the following special
key names are accepted: Up,
Down, Left, Right, BSpace, BTab, DC (Delete), End, Enter, Escape, F1
to F20, Home, IC (Insert),
NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp, Space, and Tab. Note that
to bind the ‘"’ or ‘'’ keys,
quotation marks are necessary, for example:

bind-key '"' split-window
bind-key "'" new-window

Commands related to key bindings are as follows:

bind-key [-cnr] [-t key-table] key command [arguments]
(alias: bind)
Bind key key to command. By default (without -t) the
primary key bindings are modified
(those normally activated with the prefix key); in this
case, if -n is specified, it is
not necessary to use the prefix key, command is bound to key
alone. The -r flag indicates
this key may repeat, see the repeat-time option.

If -t is present, key is bound in key-table: the binding for
command mode with -c or for
normal mode without. To view the default bindings and
possible commands, see the
list-keys command.

list-keys [-t key-table]
(alias: lsk)
List all key bindings. Without -t the primary key bindings
- those executed when preceded
by the prefix key - are printed.

With -t, the key bindings in key-table are listed; this may
be one of: vi-edit,
emacs-edit, vi-choice, emacs-choice, vi-copy or emacs-copy.

send-keys [-lR] [-t target-pane] key ...
(alias: send)
Send a key or keys to a window. Each argument key is the
name of the key (such as ‘C-a’
or ‘npage’ ) to send; if the string is not recognised as a
key, it is sent as a series of
characters. The -l flag disables key name lookup and sends
the keys literally. All argu‐
ments are sent sequentially from first to last. The -R flag
causes the terminal state to
be reset.

send-prefix [-2] [-t target-pane]
Send the prefix key, or with -2 the secondary prefix key, to
a window as if it was
pressed.

unbind-key [-acn] [-t key-table] key
(alias: unbind)
Unbind the command bound to key. Without -t the primary key
bindings are modified; in
this case, if -n is specified, the command bound to key
without a prefix (if any) is
removed. If -a is present, all key bindings are removed.

If -t is present, key in key-table is unbound: the binding
for command mode with -c or for
normal mode without.

OPTIONS
The appearance and behaviour of tmux may be modified by changing the
value of various options.
There are three types of option: server options, session options and
window options.

The tmux server has a set of global options which do not apply to
any particular window or ses‐
sion. These are altered with the set-option -s command, or
displayed with the show-options -s
command.

In addition, each individual session may have a set of session
options, and there is a separate
set of global session options. Sessions which do not have a
particular option configured inherit
the value from the global session options. Session options are set
or unset with the set-option
command and may be listed with the show-options command. The
available server and session options
are listed under the set-option command.

Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and
there is a set of global window
options from which any unset options are inherited. Window options
are altered with the
set-window-option command and can be listed with the show-window-
options command. All window
options are documented with the set-window-option command.

tmux also supports user options which are prefixed with a ‘@’. User
options may have any name, so
long as they are prefixed with ‘@’, and be set to any string. For
example

$ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123"
$ tmux showw -v @foo
abc123

Commands which set options are as follows:

set-option [-agoqsuw] [-t target-session | target-window] option
value
(alias: set)
Set a window option with -w (equivalent to the set-window-
option command), a server option
with -s, otherwise a session option.

If -g is specified, the global session or window option is
set. With -a, and if the
option expects a string, value is appended to the existing
setting. The -u flag unsets an
option, so a session inherits the option from the global
options. It is not possible to
unset a global option.

The -o flag prevents setting an option that is already set.

The -q flag suppresses the informational message (as if the
quiet server option was set).

Available window options are listed under set-window-option.

value depends on the option and may be a number, a string,
or a flag (on, off, or omitted
to toggle).

Available server options are:

buffer-limit number
Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added
to the top of the stack, old
ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to
maintain this maximum length.

escape-time time
Set the time in milliseconds for which tmux waits
after an escape is input to
determine if it is part of a function or meta key
sequences. The default is 500
milliseconds.

exit-unattached [on | off]
If enabled, the server will exit when there are no
attached clients.

quiet [on | off]
Enable or disable the display of various
informational messages (see also the -q
command line flag).

set-clipboard [on | off]
Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using
the \e]52;...\007 xterm(1)
escape sequences. This option is on by default if
there is an Ms entry in the
terminfo(5) description for the client terminal.
Note that this feature needs to
be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the resource:

disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop

Or changing this property from the xterm(1)
interactive menu when required.

Available session options are:

assume-paste-time milliseconds
If keys are entered faster than one in milliseconds,
they are assumed to have been
pasted rather than typed and tmux key bindings are
not processed. The default is
one millisecond and zero disables.

base-index index
Set the base index from which an unused index should
be searched when a new window
is created. The default is zero.

bell-action [any | none | current]
Set action on window bell. any means a bell in any
window linked to a session
causes a bell in the current window of that session,
none means all bells are
ignored and current means only bells in windows
other than the current window are
ignored.

bell-on-alert [on | off]
If on, ring the terminal bell when an alert occurs.

default-command shell-command
Set the command used for new windows (if not
specified when the window is created)
to shell-command, which may be any sh(1) command.
The default is an empty string,
which instructs tmux to create a login shell using
the value of the default-shell
option.

default-path path
Set the default working directory for new panes. If
empty (the default), the
working directory is determined from the process
running in the active pane, from
the command line environment or from the working
directory where the session was
created. Otherwise the same options are available
as for the -c flag to
new-window.

default-shell path
Specify the default shell. This is used as the
login shell for new windows when
the default-command option is set to empty, and must
be the full path of the exe‐
cutable. When started tmux tries to set a default
value from the first suitable
of the SHELL environment variable, the shell
returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh.
This option should be configured when tmux is used
as a login shell.

default-terminal terminal
Set the default terminal for new windows created in
this session - the default
value of the TERM environment variable. For tmux to
work correctly, this must be
set to ‘screen’ or a derivative of it.

destroy-unattached [on | off]
If enabled and the session is no longer attached to
any clients, it is destroyed.

detach-on-destroy [on | off]
If on (the default), the client is detached when the
session it is attached to is
destroyed. If off, the client is switched to the
most recently active of the
remaining sessions.

display-panes-active-colour colour
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to
show the indicator for the
active pane.

display-panes-colour colour
Set the colour used by the display-panes command to
show the indicators for inac‐
tive panes.

display-panes-time time
Set the time in milliseconds for which the
indicators shown by the display-panes
command appear.

display-time time
Set the amount of time for which status line
messages and other on-screen indica‐
tors are displayed. time is in milliseconds.

history-limit lines
Set the maximum number of lines held in window
history. This setting applies only
to new windows - existing window histories are not
resized and retain the limit at
the point they were created.

lock-after-time number
Lock the session (like the lock-session command)
after number seconds of inactiv‐
ity, or the entire server (all sessions) if the lock-
server option is set. The
default is not to lock (set to 0).

lock-command shell-command
Command to run when locking each client. The
default is to run lock(1) with -np.

lock-server [on | off]
If this option is on (the default), instead of each
session locking individually
as each has been idle for lock-after-time, the
entire server will lock after all
sessions would have locked. This has no effect as a
session option; it must be
set as a global option.

message-attr attributes
Set status line message attributes, where attributes
is either none or a comma-
delimited list of one or more of: bright (or bold),
dim, underscore, blink,
reverse, hidden, or italics.

message-bg colour
Set status line message background colour, where
colour is one of: black, red,
green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white, aixterm
bright variants (if supported:
brightred, brightgreen, and so on), colour0 to
colour255 from the 256-colour set,
default, or a hexadecimal RGB string such as
‘#ffffff’, which chooses the closest
match from the default 256-colour set.

message-command-attr attributes
Set status line message attributes when in command
mode.

message-command-bg colour
Set status line message background colour when in
command mode.

message-command-fg colour
Set status line message foreground colour when in
command mode.

message-fg colour
Set status line message foreground colour.

message-limit number
Set the number of error or information messages to
save in the message log for
each client. The default is 20.

mouse-resize-pane [on | off]
If on, tmux captures the mouse and allows panes to
be resized by dragging on their
borders.

mouse-select-pane [on | off]
If on, tmux captures the mouse and when a window is
split into multiple panes the
mouse may be used to select the current pane. The
mouse click is also passed
through to the application as normal.

mouse-select-window [on | off]
If on, clicking the mouse on a window name in the
status line will select that
window.

mouse-utf8 [on | off]
If enabled, request mouse input as UTF-8 on UTF-8
terminals.

pane-active-border-bg colour

pane-active-border-fg colour
Set the pane border colour for the currently active
pane.

pane-border-bg colour

pane-border-fg colour
Set the pane border colour for panes aside from the
active pane.

prefix key
Set the key accepted as a prefix key.

prefix2 key
Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.

renumber-windows [on | off]
If on, when a window is closed in a session,
automatically renumber the other win‐
dows in numerical order. This respects the base-
index option if it has been set.
If off, do not renumber the windows.

repeat-time time
Allow multiple commands to be entered without
pressing the prefix-key again in the
specified time milliseconds (the default is 500).
Whether a key repeats may be
set when it is bound using the -r flag to bind-key.
Repeat is enabled for the
default keys bound to the resize-pane command.

set-remain-on-exit [on | off]
Set the remain-on-exit window option for any windows
first created in this ses‐
sion. When this option is true, windows in which
the running program has exited
do not close, instead remaining open but
inactivate. Use the respawn-window com‐
mand to reactivate such a window, or the kill-window
command to destroy it.

set-titles [on | off]
Attempt to set the client terminal title using the
tsl and fsl terminfo(5) entries
if they exist. tmux automatically sets these to the
\e]2;...\007 sequence if the
terminal appears to be an xterm. This option is off
by default. Note that elinks
will only attempt to set the window title if the STY
environment variable is set.

set-titles-string string
String used to set the window title if set-titles is
on. Character sequences are
replaced as for the status-left option.

status [on | off]
Show or hide the status line.

status-attr attributes
Set status line attributes.

status-bg colour
Set status line background colour.

status-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour.

status-interval interval
Update the status bar every interval seconds. By
default, updates will occur
every 15 seconds. A setting of zero disables
redrawing at interval.

status-justify [left | centre | right]
Set the position of the window list component of the
status line: left, centre or
right justified.

status-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status
line, for example at the command
prompt. The default is emacs, unless the VISUAL or
EDITOR environment variables
are set and contain the string ‘vi’.

status-left string
Display string to the left of the status bar.
string will be passed through
strftime(3) before being used. By default, the
session name is shown. string may
contain any of the following special character
sequences:

Character pair Replaced with
#(shell-command) First line of the command's
output
#[attributes] Colour or attribute change
#H Hostname of local host
#h Hostname of local host
without the domain name
#F Current window flag
#I Current window index
#D Current pane unique
identifier
#P Current pane index
#S Session name
#T Current pane title
#W Current window name
## A literal ‘#’

The #(shell-command) form executes ‘shell-command’
and inserts the first line of
its output. Note that shell commands are only
executed once at the interval spec‐
ified by the status-interval option: if the status
line is redrawn in the mean‐
time, the previous result is used. Shell commands
are executed with the tmux
global environment set (see the ENVIRONMENT section).

For details on how the names and titles can be set
see the NAMES AND TITLES sec‐
tion.

#[attributes] allows a comma-separated list of
attributes to be specified, these
may be ‘fg=colour’ to set the foreground colour,
‘bg=colour’ to set the background
colour, the name of one of the attributes (listed
under the message-attr option)
to turn an attribute on, or an attribute prefixed
with ‘no’ to turn one off, for
example nobright. Examples are:

#(sysctl vm.loadavg)
#[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]

Where appropriate, special character sequences may
be prefixed with a number to
specify the maximum length, for example ‘#24T’.

By default, UTF-8 in string is not interpreted, to
enable UTF-8, use the
status-utf8 option.

status-left-attr attributes
Set the attribute of the left part of the status
line.

status-left-bg colour
Set the background colour of the left part of the
status line.

status-left-fg colour
Set the foreground colour of the left part of the
status line.

status-left-length length
Set the maximum length of the left component of the
status bar. The default is
10.

status-position [top | bottom]
Set the position of the status line.

status-right string
Display string to the right of the status bar. By
default, the current window
title in double quotes, the date and the time are
shown. As with status-left,
string will be passed to strftime(3), character
pairs are replaced, and UTF-8 is
dependent on the status-utf8 option.

status-right-attr attributes
Set the attribute of the right part of the status
line.

status-right-bg colour
Set the background colour of the right part of the
status line.

status-right-fg colour
Set the foreground colour of the right part of the
status line.

status-right-length length
Set the maximum length of the right component of the
status bar. The default is
40.

status-utf8 [on | off]
Instruct tmux to treat top-bit-set characters in the
status-left and status-right
strings as UTF-8; notably, this is important for
wide characters. This option
defaults to off.

terminal-overrides string
Contains a list of entries which override terminal
descriptions read using
terminfo(5). string is a comma-separated list of
items each a colon-separated
string made up of a terminal type pattern (matched
using fnmatch(3)) and a set of
name=value entries.

For example, to set the ‘clear’ terminfo(5) entry to
‘\e[H\e[2J’ for all terminal
types and the ‘dch1’ entry to ‘\e[P’ for the ‘rxvt’
terminal type, the option
could be set to the string:

"*:clear=\e[H\e[2J,rxvt:dch1=\e[P"

The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis
(3) before interpretation. The
default value forcibly corrects the ‘colors’ entry
for terminals which support 88
or 256 colours:


"*88col*:colors=88,*256col*:colors=256,xterm*:XT"

update-environment variables
Set a space-separated string containing a list of
environment variables to be
copied into the session environment when a new
session is created or an existing
session is attached. Any variables that do not
exist in the source environment
are set to be removed from the session environment
(as if -r was given to the
set-environment command). The default is "DISPLAY
SSH_ASKPASS SSH_AUTH_SOCK
SSH_AGENT_PID SSH_CONNECTION WINDOWID XAUTHORITY".

visual-activity [on | off]
If on, display a status line message when activity
occurs in a window for which
the monitor-activity window option is enabled.

visual-bell [on | off]
If this option is on, a message is shown on a bell
instead of it being passed
through to the terminal (which normally makes a
sound). Also see the bell-action
option.

visual-content [on | off]
Like visual-activity, display a message when content
is present in a window for
which the monitor-content window option is enabled.

visual-silence [on | off]
If monitor-silence is enabled, prints a message
after the interval has expired on
a given window.

word-separators string
Sets the session's conception of what characters are
considered word separators,
for the purposes of the next and previous word
commands in copy mode. The default
is ‘ -_@’.

set-window-option [-agqu] [-t target-window] option value
(alias: setw)
Set a window option. The -a, -g, -q and -u flags work
similarly to the set-option com‐
mand.

Supported window options are:

aggressive-resize [on | off]
Aggressively resize the chosen window. This means
that tmux will resize the win‐
dow to the size of the smallest session for which it
is the current window, rather
than the smallest session to which it is attached.
The window may resize when the
current window is changed on another sessions; this
option is good for full-screen
programs which support SIGWINCH and poor for
interactive programs such as shells.

allow-rename [on | off]
Allow programs to change the window name using a
terminal escape sequence
(\033k...\033\\). The default is on.

alternate-screen [on | off]
This option configures whether programs running
inside tmux may use the terminal
alternate screen feature, which allows the smcup and
rmcup terminfo(5) capabili‐
ties. The alternate screen feature preserves the
contents of the window when an
interactive application starts and restores it on
exit, so that any output visible
before the application starts reappears unchanged
after it exits. The default is
on.

automatic-rename [on | off]
Control automatic window renaming. When this
setting is enabled, tmux will
attempt - on supported platforms - to rename the
window to reflect the command
currently running in it. This flag is automatically
disabled for an individual
window when a name is specified at creation with new-
window or new-session, or
later with rename-window, or with a terminal escape
sequence. It may be switched
off globally with:

set-window-option -g automatic-rename off

c0-change-interval interval
c0-change-trigger trigger
These two options configure a simple form of rate
limiting for a pane. If tmux
sees more than trigger C0 sequences that modify the
screen (for example, carriage
returns, linefeeds or backspaces) in one
millisecond, it will stop updating the
pane immediately and instead redraw it entirely
every interval milliseconds. This
helps to prevent fast output (such as yes(1)
overwhelming the terminal). The
default is a trigger of 250 and an interval of 100.
A trigger of zero disables
the rate limiting.

clock-mode-colour colour
Set clock colour.

clock-mode-style [12 | 24]
Set clock hour format.

force-height height
force-width width
Prevent tmux from resizing a window to greater than
width or height. A value of
zero restores the default unlimited setting.

main-pane-height height
main-pane-width width
Set the width or height of the main (left or top)
pane in the main-horizontal or
main-vertical layouts.

mode-attr attributes
Set window modes attributes.

mode-bg colour
Set window modes background colour.

mode-fg colour
Set window modes foreground colour.

mode-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy and
choice modes. As with the
status-keys option, the default is emacs, unless
VISUAL or EDITOR contains ‘vi’.

mode-mouse [on | off | copy-mode]
Mouse state in modes. If on, the mouse may be used
to enter copy mode and copy a
selection by dragging, to enter copy mode and scroll
with the mouse wheel, or to
select an option in choice mode. If set to copy-
mode, the mouse behaves as set to
on, but cannot be used to enter copy mode.

monitor-activity [on | off]
Monitor for activity in the window. Windows with
activity are highlighted in the
status line.

monitor-content match-string
Monitor content in the window. When fnmatch(3)
pattern match-string appears in
the window, it is highlighted in the status line.

monitor-silence [interval]
Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window
within interval seconds. Windows
that have been silent for the interval are
highlighted in the status line. An
interval of zero disables the monitoring.

other-pane-height height
Set the height of the other panes (not the main
pane) in the main-horizontal lay‐
out. If this option is set to 0 (the default), it
will have no effect. If both
the main-pane-height and other-pane-height options
are set, the main pane will
grow taller to make the other panes the specified
height, but will never shrink to
do so.

other-pane-width width
Like other-pane-height, but set the width of other
panes in the main-vertical lay‐
out.

pane-base-index index
Like base-index, but set the starting index for pane
numbers.

remain-on-exit [on | off]
A window with this flag set is not destroyed when
the program running in it exits.
The window may be reactivated with the respawn-
window command.

synchronize-panes [on | off]
Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in
the same window (only for panes
that are not in any special mode).

utf8 [on | off]
Instructs tmux to expect UTF-8 sequences to appear
in this window.

window-status-bell-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for windows which have a
bell alert.

window-status-bell-bg colour
Set status line background colour for windows with a
bell alert.

window-status-bell-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for windows with a
bell alert.

window-status-content-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for windows which have a
content alert.

window-status-content-bg colour
Set status line background colour for windows with a
content alert.

window-status-content-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for windows with a
content alert.

window-status-activity-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for windows which have an
activity (or silence) alert.

window-status-activity-bg colour
Set status line background colour for windows with
an activity alert.

window-status-activity-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for windows with
an activity alert.

window-status-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for a single window.

window-status-bg colour
Set status line background colour for a single
window.

window-status-current-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for the currently active
window.

window-status-current-bg colour
Set status line background colour for the currently
active window.

window-status-current-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for the currently
active window.

window-status-current-format string
Like window-status-format, but is the format used
when the window is the current
window.

window-status-last-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for the last active
window.

window-status-last-bg colour
Set status line background colour for the last
active window.

window-status-last-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for the last
active window.

window-status-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for a single
window.

window-status-format string
Set the format in which the window is displayed in
the status line window list.
See the status-left option for details of special
character sequences available.
The default is ‘#I:#W#F’.

window-status-separator string
Sets the separator drawn between windows in the
status line. The default is a
single space character.

xterm-keys [on | off]
If this option is set, tmux will generate xterm(1) -
style function key sequences;
these have a number included to indicate modifiers
such as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
The default is off.

wrap-search [on | off]
If this option is set, searches will wrap around the
end of the pane contents.
The default is on.

show-options [-gqsvw] [-t target-session | target-window] [option]
(alias: show)
Show the window options (or a single window option if given)
with -w (equivalent to
show-window-options), the server options with -s, otherwise
the session options for target
session. Global session or window options are listed if -g
is used. -v shows only the
option value, not the name. If -q is set, no error will be
returned if option is unset.

show-window-options [-gv] [-t target-window] [option]
(alias: showw)
List the window options or a single option for target-
window, or the global window options
if -g is used. -v shows only the option value, not the name.

FORMATS
Certain commands accept the -F flag with a format argument. This is
a string which controls the
output format of the command. Special character sequences are
replaced as documented under the
status-left option and an additional long form is accepted.
Replacement variables are enclosed in
‘#{’ and ‘}’, for example ‘#{session_name}’ is equivalent to ‘#S’.
Conditionals are also accepted
by prefixing with ‘?’ and separating two alternatives with a comma;
if the specified variable
exists and is not zero, the first alternative is chosen, otherwise
the second is used. For exam‐
ple ‘#{?session_attached,attached,not attached}’ will include the
string ‘attached’ if the session
is attached and the string ‘not attached’ if it is unattached.

The following variables are available, where appropriate:

Variable name Replaced with
alternate_on If pane is in alternate screen
alternate_saved_x Saved cursor X in alternate screen
alternate_saved_y Saved cursor Y in alternate screen
buffer_sample First 50 characters from the
specified buffer
buffer_size Size of the specified buffer in bytes
client_activity Integer time client last had activity
client_activity_string String time client last had activity
client_created Integer time client created
client_created_string String time client created
client_cwd Working directory of client
client_height Height of client
client_last_session Name of the client's last session
client_prefix 1 if prefix key has been pressed
client_readonly 1 if client is readonly
client_session Name of the client's session
client_termname Terminal name of client
client_tty Pseudo terminal of client
client_utf8 1 if client supports utf8
client_width Width of client
cursor_flag Pane cursor flag
cursor_x Cursor X position in pane
cursor_y Cursor Y position in pane
history_bytes Number of bytes in window history
history_limit Maximum window history lines
history_size Size of history in bytes
host Hostname of local host
insert_flag Pane insert flag
keypad_cursor_flag Pane keypad cursor flag
keypad_flag Pane keypad flag
line Line number in the list
mouse_any_flag Pane mouse any flag
mouse_button_flag Pane mouse button flag
mouse_standard_flag Pane mouse standard flag
mouse_utf8_flag Pane mouse UTF-8 flag
pane_active 1 if active pane
pane_current_command Current command if available
pane_current_path Current path if available
pane_dead 1 if pane is dead
pane_height Height of pane
pane_id Unique pane ID
pane_in_mode If pane is in a mode
pane_index Index of pane
pane_pid PID of first process in pane
pane_start_command Command pane started with
pane_start_path Path pane started with
pane_tabs Pane tab positions
pane_title Title of pane
pane_tty Pseudo terminal of pane
pane_width Width of pane
saved_cursor_x Saved cursor X in pane
saved_cursor_y Saved cursor Y in pane
scroll_region_lower Bottom of scroll region in pane
scroll_region_upper Top of scroll region in pane
session_attached 1 if session attached
session_created Integer time session created
session_created_string String time session created
session_group Number of session group
session_grouped 1 if session in a group
session_height Height of session
session_id Unique session ID
session_name Name of session
session_width Width of session
session_windows Number of windows in session
window_active 1 if window active
window_find_matches Matched data from the find-window
command if available
window_flags Window flags
window_height Height of window
window_id Unique window ID
window_index Index of window
window_layout Window layout description
window_name Name of window
window_panes Number of panes in window
window_width Width of window
wrap_flag Pane wrap flag

NAMES AND TITLES
tmux distinguishes between names and titles. Windows and sessions
have names, which may be used
to specify them in targets and are displayed in the status line and
various lists: the name is the
tmux identifier for a window or session. Only panes have titles. A
pane's title is typically set
by the program running inside the pane and is not modified by tmux.
It is the same mechanism used
to set for example the xterm(1) window title in an X(7) window
manager. Windows themselves do not
have titles - a window's title is the title of its active pane.
tmux
itself may set the title of
the terminal in which the client is running, see the set-titles
option.

A session's name is set with the new-session and rename-session
commands. A window's name is set
with one of:

1. A command argument (such as -n for new-window or new-
session).

2. An escape sequence:

$ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'

3. Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active
command in the window's active pane.
See the automatic-rename option.

When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname. A pane's
title can be set via the OSC
title setting sequence, for example:

$ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'

ENVIRONMENT
When the server is started, tmux copies the environment into the
global environment; in addition,
each session has a session environment. When a window is created,
the session and global environ‐
ments are merged. If a variable exists in both, the value from the
session environment is used.
The result is the initial environment passed to the new process.

The update-environment session option may be used to update the
session environment from the
client when a new session is created or an old reattached. tmux
also initialises the TMUX vari‐
able with some internal information to allow commands to be executed
from inside, and the TERM
variable with the correct terminal setting of ‘screen’.

Commands to alter and view the environment are:

set-environment [-gru] [-t target-session] name [value]
(alias: setenv)
Set or unset an environment variable. If -g is used, the
change is made in the global
environment; otherwise, it is applied to the session
environment for target-session. The
-u flag unsets a variable. -r indicates the variable is to
be removed from the environ‐
ment before starting a new process.

show-environment [-g] [-t target-session] [variable]
(alias: showenv)
Display the environment for target-session or the global
environment with -g. If variable
is omitted, all variables are shown. Variables removed from
the environment are prefixed
with ‘-’.

STATUS LINE
tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed in the
bottom line of each terminal. By
default, the status line is enabled (it may be disabled with the
status session option) and con‐
tains, from left-to-right: the name of the current session in square
brackets; the window list;
the title of the active pane in double quotes; and the time and date.

The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and right
sections (which may contain
dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell command, see
the status-left,
status-left-length, status-right, and status-right-length options
below), and a central window
list. By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if
any) flag of the windows present
in the current session in ascending numerical order. It may be
customised with the
window-status-format and window-status-current-format options. The
flag is one of the following
symbols appended to the window name:

Symbol Meaning
* Denotes the current window.
- Marks the last window (previously selected).
# Window is monitored and activity has been detected.
! A bell has occurred in the window.
+ Window is monitored for content and it has appeared.
~ The window has been silent for the monitor-silence
interval.
Z The window's active pane is zoomed.

The # symbol relates to the monitor-activity and + to the monitor-
content window options. The
window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell,
activity or content) is present.

The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the
entire status line using the
status-attr, status-fg and status-bg session options and individual
windows using the
window-status-attr, window-status-fg and window-status-bg window
options.

The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has
changed, the interval may be con‐
trolled with the status-interval session option.

Commands related to the status line are as follows:

command-prompt [-I inputs] [-p prompts] [-t target-client] [template]
Open the command prompt in a client. This may be used from
inside tmux to execute com‐
mands interactively.

If template is specified, it is used as the command. If
present, -I is a comma-separated
list of the initial text for each prompt. If -p is given,
prompts is a comma-separated
list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise a
single prompt is displayed, con‐
structed from template if it is present, or ‘:’ if not.

Both inputs and prompts may contain the special character
sequences supported by the
status-left option.

Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the
string ‘%%’ and all occur‐
rences of ‘%1’ are replaced by the response to the first
prompt, the second ‘%%’ and all
‘%2’ are replaced with the response to the second prompt,
and so on for further prompts.
Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced (‘%1’ to ‘%9’).

confirm-before [-p prompt] [-t target-client] command
(alias: confirm)
Ask for confirmation before executing command. If -p is
given, prompt is the prompt to
display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from command. It
may contain the special char‐
acter sequences supported by the status-left option.

This command works only from inside tmux.

display-message [-p] [-c target-client] [-t target-pane] [message]
(alias: display)
Display a message. If -p is given, the output is printed to
stdout, otherwise it is dis‐
played in the target-client status line. The format of
message is described in the
FORMATS section; information is taken from target-pane if -t
is given, otherwise the
active pane for the session attached to target-client.

BUFFERS
tmux maintains a stack of paste buffers. Up to the value of the
buffer-limit option are kept;
when a new buffer is added, the buffer at the bottom of the stack is
removed. Buffers may be
added using copy-mode or the set-buffer command, and pasted into a
window using the paste-buffer
command.

A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
By default, up to 2000 lines
are kept; this can be altered with the history-limit option (see the
set-option command above).

The buffer commands are as follows:

choose-buffer [-F format] [-t target-window] [template]
Put a window into buffer choice mode, where a buffer may be
chosen interactively from a
list. After a buffer is selected, ‘%%’ is replaced by the
buffer index in template and
the result executed as a command. If template is not given,
"paste-buffer -b '%%'" is
used. For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS
section. This command works only
if at least one client is attached.

clear-history [-t target-pane]
(alias: clearhist)
Remove and free the history for the specified pane.

delete-buffer [-b buffer-index]
(alias: deleteb)
Delete the buffer at buffer-index, or the top buffer if not
specified.

list-buffers [-F format]
(alias: lsb)
List the global buffers. For the meaning of the -F flag,
see the FORMATS section.

load-buffer [-b buffer-index] path
(alias: loadb)
Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.

paste-buffer [-dpr] [-b buffer-index] [-s separator] [-t target-pane]
(alias: pasteb)
Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified
pane. If not specified, paste
into the current one. With -d, also delete the paste buffer
from the stack. When output,
any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are
replaced with a separator, by default
carriage return (CR). A custom separator may be specified
using the -s flag. The -r flag
means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of
LF). If -p is specified, paste
bracket control codes are inserted around the buffer if the
application has requested
bracketed paste mode.

save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-index] path
(alias: saveb)
Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path.
The -a option appends to rather
than overwriting the file.

set-buffer [-b buffer-index] data
(alias: setb)
Set the contents of the specified buffer to data.

show-buffer [-b buffer-index]
(alias: showb)
Display the contents of the specified buffer.

MISCELLANEOUS
Miscellaneous commands are as follows:

clock-mode [-t target-pane]
Display a large clock.

if-shell [-b] [-t target-pane] shell-command command [command]
(alias: if)
Execute the first command if shell-command returns success
or the second command other‐
wise. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded
using the rules specified in the
FORMATS section, including those relevant to target-pane.
With -b, shell-command is run
in the background.

lock-server
(alias: lock)
Lock each client individually by running the command
specified by the lock-command option.

run-shell -b [-t target-pane] shell-command
(alias: run)
Execute shell-command in the background without creating a
window. Before being executed,
shell-command is expanded using the rules specified in the
FORMATS section. With -b, the
command is run in the background. After it finishes, any
output to stdout is displayed in
copy mode (in the pane specified by -t or the current pane
if omitted). If the command
doesn't return success, the exit status is also displayed.

server-info
(alias: info)
Show server information and terminal details.

wait-for -LSU channel
(alias: wait)
When used without options, prevents the client from exiting
until woken using wait-for -S
with the same channel. When -L is used, the channel is
locked and any clients that try to
lock the same channel are made to wait until the channel is
unlocked with wait-for -U.
This command only works from outside tmux.

TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
tmux understands some extensions to terminfo(5):

Cc, Cr Set the cursor colour. The first takes a single string
argument and is used to set the
colour; the second takes no arguments and restores the
default cursor colour. If set, a
sequence such as this may be used to change the cursor
colour
from inside tmux:

$ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'

Cs, Csr
Change the cursor style. If set, a sequence such as this
may be used to change the cursor
to an underline:

$ printf '\033[4 q'

If Csr is set, it will be used to reset the cursor style
instead of Cs.

Ms This sequence can be used by tmux to store the current
buffer in the host terminal's
selection (clipboard). See the set-clipboard option above
and the xterm(1) man page.

CONTROL MODE
tmux offers a textual interface called control mode. This allows
applications to communicate with
tmux using a simple text-only protocol.

In control mode, a client sends tmux commands or command sequences
terminated by newlines on stan‐
dard input. Each command will produce one block of output on
standard output. An output block
consists of a %begin line followed by the output (which may be
empty). The output block ends with
a %end or %error. %begin and matching %end or %error have two
arguments: an integer time (as sec‐
onds from epoch) and command number. For example:

%begin 1363006971 2
0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
%end 1363006971 2

In control mode, tmux outputs notifications. A notification will
never occur inside an output
block.

The following notifications are defined:

%exit [reason]
The tmux client is exiting immediately, either because it is
not attached to any session
or an error occurred. If present, reason describes why the
client exited.

%layout-change window-id window-layout
The layout of a window with ID window-id changed. The new
layout is window-layout.

%output pane-id value
A window pane produced output. value escapes non-printable
characters and backslash as
octal \xxx.

%session-changed session-id name
The client is now attached to the session with ID session-
id, which is named name.

%session-renamed name
The current session was renamed to name.

%sessions-changed
A session was created or destroyed.

%unlinked-window-add window-id
The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked
to the current session.

%window-add window-id
The window with ID window-id was linked to the current
session.

%window-close window-id
The window with ID window-id closed.

%window-renamed window-id name
The window with ID window-id was renamed to name.

FILES
~/.tmux.conf Default tmux configuration file.
/etc/tmux.conf System-wide configuration file.

EXAMPLES
To create a new tmux session running vi(1):

$ tmux new-session vi

Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For new-
session, this is new:

$ tmux new vi

Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is
accepted. If there are several
options, they are listed:

$ tmux n
ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-
window

Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing ‘C-b
c’ (Ctrl followed by the ‘b’
key followed by the ‘c’ key).

Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b 0’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b
1’ (to select window 1), and so
on; ‘C-b n’ to select the next window; and ‘C-b p’ to select the
previous window.

A session may be detached using ‘C-b d’ (or by an external event
such as ssh(1) disconnection) and
reattached with:

$ tmux attach-session

Typing ‘C-b ?’ lists the current key bindings in the current window;
up and down may be used to
navigate the list or ‘q’ to exit from it.

Commands to be run when the tmux server is started may be placed in
the ~/.tmux.conf configuration
file. Common examples include:

Changing the default prefix key:

set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind-key C-b
bind-key C-a send-prefix

Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:

set-option -g status off
set-option -g status-bg blue

Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after
30 minutes of inactivity:

set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
set-option -g lock-after-time 1800

Creating new key bindings:

bind-key b set-option status
bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"

SEE ALSO
pty(4)

AUTHORS
Nicholas Marriott <ni...@users.sourceforge.net>

BSD August 29,
2015 BSD

[Marek Novotny]

On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 20:33:11 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:
>
>> So first I don't know how to do what it is you're asking. That being
>> said I have something I think is far better. That is tmux. Tmux lets you
>> run multiple terms inside a tmux session. You should look into tmux.
>> Once you start to understand it you'll wonder why didn't use it sooner.
>
> I had looked in the manpage for xterm but all the mentions of 'tab' were
> for the tab character, and not a window tab. I also googled, but found
> nothing of use (surprisingly).
>
> I installed tmux, using:
> $ sudo apt-get install tmux
>
> And will read the manpage to see if it will open up two tabbed terminals.
> $ man tmux | col -b | vi -

You can use my .tmux.conf as a starter. Save this in your $HOME dir. As
you learn more, you'll learn to modify it to your liking.

# Starts here -------------------------------------------------

# use UTF8
set -g utf8
set-window-option -g utf8 on
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display "Fully Loaded!"

# setting the deafult shell
set -g default-command /bin/bash
set -g default-shell /bin/bash

# define window split keys
bind | split-window -h
bind - split-window -v

#set mouse features
setw -g mode-mouse on
set -g mouse-select-pane on
set -g mouse-resize-pane on
set -g mouse-select-window on

set-window-option -g mode-keys vi
bind-key -t vi-copy 'v' begin-selection
bind-key -t vi-copy 'y' copy-selection

bind h select-pane -L
bind j select-pane -D
bind k select-pane -U
bind l select-pane -R

# setup Status Line
set -g window-status-format "#I:#W"
set -g window-status-current-format "#I:#W"

set -g automatic-rename on
set -g status-interval 15

# default status bar colors
set-option -g status-bg colour235
set-option -g status-fg colour11

# Default window title colors
set-window-option -g window-status-fg colour240
set-window-option -g window-status-attr dim

# Active window title colors
set-window-option -g window-status-current-fg colour10
set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg colour235
set-window-option -g window-status-current-attr dim

# clock
#set-window-option -g status-right " %H:%M %d-%b-%y "
#set-window-option -g status-right-fg colour166

# network device
set -g status-right "#[fg=cyan] #(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '{print $5, $7}') "

# message text
set-option -g message-bg colour235
set-option -g message-fg colour7

## end ##

[ceg]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 03:41:51 +0000, ceg wrote:

> And will read the manpage to see if it will open up two tabbed
> terminals.
> $ man tmux | col -b | vi -

Read the manpage...googled a bit ... found lots of tmux tutorials.
Tmux doesn't seem to do it (although tmux does a lot of *other* stuff).

I can open a "tmux" window and hit "control b" and then "c", but,
that's not the same thing as attaching an xterm as a tabbed window.

Still working on it.......

[ceg]

On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 20:46:35 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:

> You can use my .tmux.conf as a starter. Save this in your $HOME dir. As
> you learn more, you'll learn to modify it to your liking.

Thanks. Tmux doesn't seem to add a tabbed terminal, but, it's an entire
windowing environment in and of itself, it seems, so it will take a bit
of getting used to, but it might do the job (only differently than
originally envisioned).

[Marek Novotny]

On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:

Yup. As I said, don't know how to do what you asked, but this is better
anyway and by leaps and bounds. Head on over to YouTube and just find and
watch a few videos. You haven't even begun to see what tmux can do for
you.

[andrew]

On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:

> Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the command
> line?

I could not see a way to accomplish this with xterm. I see that my own
terminal Sakura can do this easily enough with the --ntabs options,
doubtless others can do this as well...

Andrew
--
Do you think that's air you're breathing?

[Marek Novotny]

On 2015-08-30, andrew <and...@skamandros.invalid> wrote:
> On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the command
>> line?
>
> I could not see a way to accomplish this with xterm. I see that my own
> terminal Sakura can do this easily enough with the --ntabs options,
> doubtless others can do this as well...
>
> Andrew

My Gnome3 terminal does it with ctrl-shift-t.

[Aleksandar Kuktin]

Can not be done.

Tabbing is implemented either by the application itself (as in many
browsers) or by the window manager, as the case appears to be with you.

Xterm does not implement tabbing. Period.

Since you appear to be still able to tab multiple windows together, I can
only surmise that you window manager does the trick. Therefore, that is
where you should look.

[vallor]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 03:27:11 +0000, ceg wrote:

I'm not sure, but I think your tabs might be a function of your window
manager, and not xterm. I've never heard of xterm having "tabs" like
xfce4-terminal or a tabbed browser.

You might want to consider a different terminal emulator, such
as xfce4-terminal. (You don't need to use xfce4 as your desktop to use
the terminal emulator.)

The program has options for opening windows with multiple tabs, see the
man page.

(Especially nice it that it will use modern, crisp, anti-aliased fonts.)

I've been using xfce4-terminal since it was just called "Terminal", and
kept it because it had all the features I wanted, as well as let me have
my terminal tabs at the bottom of the window instead of the top.

--
-v

[J.O. Aho]

On 08/30/2015 05:27 AM, ceg wrote:
> I can open an xterm easily from the command line but how do I open a
> second xterm that is *attached* as a *tab* to the first xterm?

xterm do not have support for tabs, so the simple answer is you can't,
but you can do some workarounds to get something similar, assuming you
are using KDE4:

1. Right click on your xterm titlebar
2. Select "More Actions" and from there "Special Application Settings"
3. Select the "Arrangement & Access" tab
4. Check "Autogroup with identical"

Now when you open xterm, it should tab them all together, or just skip
using xterm and use konsole which comes with tab-support.


--

//Aho

[Wildman]

On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:36:38 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:

> On 2015-08-30, andrew <and...@skamandros.invalid> wrote:
>> On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the command
>>> line?
>>
>> I could not see a way to accomplish this with xterm. I see that my own
>> terminal Sakura can do this easily enough with the --ntabs options,
>> doubtless others can do this as well...
>>
>> Andrew
>
> My Gnome3 terminal does it with ctrl-shift-t.

So does xfce4-terminal.

--
<Wildman> GNU/Linux user #557453
The cow died so I don't need your bull!

[ceg]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 09:59:04 -0500, Wildman wrote:

>> My Gnome3 terminal does it with ctrl-shift-t.
>
> So does xfce4-terminal.

But not "xterm", unfortunately.

[ceg]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 01:20:51 -0500, Zaphod Beeblebrox wrote:

> Xterm is an antique from the 90's. It was written way before anyone
> thought of 'tabbing'. What desktop environment are you using? Fvwm? Twm?
> I believe xterm isn't part of ubuntu, it's an optional install. What's
> the point of trying to make software from that era do something that is
> done so much better by more 'recent' terminal emulators?

I'm Kubuntu KDE. I didn't want to learn a new terminal.
I just wanted tabs.

[ceg]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 11:07:32 -0500, Zaphod Beeblebrox wrote:

> Then use konsole. There's nothing to learn about it. Bash is bash.

I will try to get konsole to create two small tabbed-together windows at
the bottom left of my screen, which is what I've been doing with xterm
(manually).

alias small1='xterm -bg blue -geom 175x5+68+984 &'
alias small2='xterm -bg white -geom 175x5+68+984 &'

That puts an xterm at the bottom left of the screen, out of the way, with
a really tiny font, so that I can easily tail -f logfiles.

[Cybe R. Wizard]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 09:59:04 -0500
Wildman <best...@yahoo.com> wrote:

> On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:36:38 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:
>
> > On 2015-08-30, andrew <and...@skamandros.invalid> wrote:
> >> On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>
> >>> Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the
> >>> command line?
> >>
> >> I could not see a way to accomplish this with xterm. I see that my
> >> own terminal Sakura can do this easily enough with the --ntabs
> >> options, doubtless others can do this as well...
> >>
> >> Andrew
> >
> > My Gnome3 terminal does it with ctrl-shift-t.
>
> So does xfce4-terminal.
>

...and LXTerminal.

Cybe R. Wizard
--
Nice computers don't go down.
Larry Niven, Steven Barnes
"The Barsoom Project"

[Wildman]

On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 12:26:58 -0500, Cybe R. Wizard wrote:

> On Sun, 30 Aug 2015 09:59:04 -0500
> Wildman <best...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
>> On Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:36:38 -0700, Marek Novotny wrote:
>>
>> > On 2015-08-30, andrew <and...@skamandros.invalid> wrote:
>> >> On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >>
>> >>> Is there a way to open up two sequentially tabbed xterms from the
>> >>> command line?
>> >>
>> >> I could not see a way to accomplish this with xterm. I see that my
>> >> own terminal Sakura can do this easily enough with the --ntabs
>> >> options, doubtless others can do this as well...
>> >>
>> >> Andrew
>> >
>> > My Gnome3 terminal does it with ctrl-shift-t.
>>
>> So does xfce4-terminal.
>>
> ...and LXTerminal.
>
> Cybe R. Wizard

Looks like they all do it except xterm. Hmmm...

--
<Wildman> GNU/Linux user #557453

Deja vu?

[Jonathan N. Little]

So why doesn't he just assign one for it, e.g., CTRL+SHIFT+X or
something similar...

--
Take care,

Jonathan
-------------------
LITTLE WORKS STUDIO
http://www.LittleWorksStudio.com

[Jasen Betts]

On 2015-08-30, ceg <curt.gul...@gmail.com> wrote:

> I can open an xterm easily from the command line but how do I open a
> second xterm that is *attached* as a *tab* to the first xterm?

xterm doesn't have tabs.

> This opens an xterm:
> $ xterm -sb -geometry 80x100 -fg white -bg blue -n "xterm1" -fn 10x20 &
>
> But, the only way I know of to attach a second xterm to the first, from
> the command line, is to open the second xterm and then manually right
> click on its top bar to select "Attach as tab to" and then selecting
> the first xterm.

xterm doesn't have a right-clickable top bar, all the xterm menus are
accessed by ctrl-clicking ( button 1, 2, or 3 )


--
\_(ツ)_

[Jasen Betts]

rxvt also doesn't have built-in tab support.
but anything invented after 1995 or so does.


--
\_(ツ)_

[Chris Ahlstrom]

Jasen Betts wrote this copyrighted missive and expects royalties:

Tabbed windows are a window-manager function. Fluxbox has 'em, in two
flavors (tabs on the outside, or tabs embedded in the caption bar).

--
You have a message from the operator.

[Chris Ahlstrom]

Jasen Betts wrote this copyrighted missive and expects royalties:

I tend not to use a terminals tabs anymore. Instead, I use
tmux. Works the same in any terminal, including the virtual consoles
or "green screens" that Linux supports.

--
Hack placidly amidst the noisy printers and remember what prizes there
may be in Science. As fast as possible get a good terminal on a good system.
Enter your data clearly but always encrypt your results. And listen to others,
even the dull and ignorant, for they may be your customers. Avoid loud and
aggressive persons, for they are sales reps.
If you compare your outputs with those of others, you may be surprised,
for always there will be greater and lesser numbers than you have crunched.
Keep others interested in your career, and try not to fumble; it can be a real
hassle and could change your fortunes in time.
Exercise system control in your experiments, for the world is full of
bugs. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive
for linearity and everywhere papers are full of approximations. Strive for
proportionality. Especially, do not faint when it occurs. Neither be cyclical
about results; for in the face of all data analysis it is sure to be noticed.
Take with a grain of salt the anomalous data points. Gracefully pass
them on to the youth at the next desk. Nurture some mutual funds to shield
you in times of sudden layoffs. But do not distress yourself with imaginings
-- the real bugs are enough to screw you badly. Murphy's Law runs the
Universe -- and whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt <Curl>B*n dS = 0.
Therefore, grab for a piece of the pie, with whatever proposals you
can conceive of to try. With all the crashed disks, skewed data, and broken
line printers, you can still have a beautiful secretary. Be linear. Strive
to stay employed.
-- Technolorata, "Analog"

[ceg]

On Tue, 01 Sep 2015 04:15:43 +0000, Jasen Betts wrote:

> xterm doesn't have a right-clickable top bar, all the xterm menus are
> accessed by ctrl-clicking ( button 1, 2, or 3 )

My xterms have a right click menu.
As noted, it is probably a function of the KDE window manager though.

When I right click on the top bar of an xterm, I get:

Move to Desktop -> (list of current desktops)
Minimize
Maximize
Attach as tab to -> (list of current windows)
Switch to tab -> (list of current tabs)
Untab
Close Entire Group
More Actions -> (tons more actions)
Close

[Bit Twister]

On Tue, 1 Sep 2015 16:33:16 +0000 (UTC), ceg wrote:
> On Tue, 01 Sep 2015 04:15:43 +0000, Jasen Betts wrote:
>
>> xterm doesn't have a right-clickable top bar, all the xterm menus are
>> accessed by ctrl-clicking ( button 1, 2, or 3 )
>
> My xterms have a right click menu.
> As noted, it is probably a function of the KDE window manager though.

Depends on where you are clicking. If some where in the title bar, I
would agree with you, for the rest, you can make all sorts of xterm
configuration settings in ~/.Xresources and/or ~/.Xdefaults

You cal also customize other app there, (emacs, xman, Vim, ...)

[Daniel47]

Hey, Chris, I like your sig file. My mother had a brass plaque of the
original ... was it Desiderata or something like that!!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderata

On 1/09/2015 7:55 PM, Chris Ahlstrom sig file:

[Chris Ahlstrom]

Daniel47 wrote this copyrighted missive and expects royalties:

> Hey, Chris, I like your sig file. My mother had a brass plaque of the
> original ... was it Desiderata or something like that!!
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderata
>
> On 1/09/2015 7:55 PM, Chris Ahlstrom sig file:
>
> Hack placidly amidst the noisy printers and remember what prizes there
> may be in Science. As fast as possible get a good terminal on a good

> system. ...

I owe it all to "fortune". From my .slrnrc:

set post_editor_command "fortune > ~/.config/personal/slrn/signature.rc ;
vim -f +%d '%s'"

--
Q: Why did the germ cross the microscope?
A: To get to the other slide.