On Thu, 10 Mar 2016 13:33:24 -0800 (PST), wy says...
> > It HAS been warmer before. Ask those who were around 700 years ago for the
> > Medieval Warm Period that lasted 300 years, not the piddly little 135 year
> > one (with a 40 year lapse) we're having now.
> >
> >
http://i.imgur.com/hjReBjZ.jpg
>
> How does it square with this, stupid?
With a haughty look of derision and rolling eyes. God, you idiots cling to
ANYTHING if you THINK it follows YOUR ideals. Marcott has been debunked so
much, I will ONLY send you to Google.
You mean the MESS Marcott HYPOTHESIZES? It doesn't. (more below)
https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&q=marcott+is+wrong
https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&q=marcott+is+incorrect
His RECONSTRUCTION is, to put it lightly, all fucked up.
Since Marcott is basing his theories on MODELS and predictions, I will not
accept either graph. They're BOTH wrong.
Marcott - 3 Spikes And You Are Out
http://tamino.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/many_vs_unpert.jpg
How Many Things Are Wrong With The Recent Reporting Of The Marcott Study
(And The Study Itself)?
>
http://www.realclimate.org/images//shakun_marcott_hadcrut4_a1b_eng.png
BWAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
That's about as stupid as you.
>
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2013/09/paleoclimate-the-end-of-the-holocene/
(below)
LOL...
"Fixing the Marcott Mess In Climate Science"
http://i.imgur.com/L7xRMmo.jpg
In 1991 the National Research Council proposed what has come
to be a widely accepted definition of misconduct in science:
Misconduct in science is defined as fabrication,
falsification, or plagiarism, in proposing, performing, or
reporting research. Misconduct in science does not include
errors of judgment; errors in the recording, selection, or
analysis of data; differences in opinions involving the
interpretation of data; or misconduct unrelated to the
research process. Arguments over data and methods are the
lifeblood of science, and are not instances of misconduct.
However, here I document the gross misrepresentation of the
findings of a recent scientific paper via press release
which appears to skirt awfully close to crossing the line
into research misconduct, as defined by the NRC. I recommend
steps to fix this mess, saving face for all involved, and a
chance for this small part of the climate community to take
a step back toward unambiguous scientific integrity.
The paper I refer to is by Marcott et al. 2013, published
recently in Science. A press release issued by the National
Science Foundation, which funded the research, explains the
core methodology and key conclusion of the paper as follows
(emphasis added): Peter Clark, an OSU paleoclimatologist and
co-author of the Science paper, says that many previous
temperature reconstructions were regional and not placed in
a global context.
"When you just look at one part of the world, temperature
history can be affected by regional climate processes like
El Niño or monsoon variations," says Clark.
"But when you combine data from sites around the world, you
can average out those regional anomalies and get a clear
sense of the Earth's global temperature history."
What that history shows, the researchers say, is that during
the last 5,000 years, the Earth on average cooled about 1.3
degrees Fahrenheit--until the last 100 years, when it warmed
about 1.3 degrees F. The press release clearly explains that
the paper (a) combines data from many sites around the world
to create a "temperature reconstruction" which gives a
"sense of the Earth's temperature history," and (b) "that
history shows" a cooling over the past 5000 years, until the
last 100 years when all of that cooling was reversed.
The conclusions of the press release were faithfully
reported by a wide range of media outlets, and below I
survey several of them to illustrate that the content of the
press release was accurately reflected in media coverage
and, at times, amplified by scientists both involved and not
involved with the study.
Examples of Media Coverage
Here is Justin Gillis at the New York Times, with emphasis
added to this excerpt and also those further below: The
modern rise that has recreated the temperatures of 5,000
years ago is occurring at an exceedingly rapid clip on a
geological time scale, appearing in graphs in the new paper
as a sharp vertical spike. Similarly, at the NY Times Andy
Revkin reported much the same in a post titled, "Scientists
Find an Abrupt Warm Jog After a Very Long Cooling." Revkin
included the following graph from the paper along with a
caption explaining what the graph shows: Revkin's caption:
A new Science paper includes this graph of data providing
clues to past global temperature. It shows the warming as
the last ice age ended (left), a period when temperatures
were warmer than today, a cooling starting 5,000 years ago
and an abrupt warming in the last 100 years. Revkin
concluded: "the work reveals a fresh, and very long, climate
"hockey stick."" For those unfamiliar, a hockey stick
has a shaft and a blade. Any association with the so-called
"hockey stick" is sure to capture interest in the highly
politicized context of the climate debate, in which the
iconic figure is like catnip to partisans on both sides.
Here is Michael Lemonick at Climate Central: The study...
confirms the now famous "hockey stick" graph that
Michael Mann published more than a decade ago. That study
showed a sharp upward temperature trend over the past
century after more than a thousand years of relatively flat
temperatures. . .
"What's striking," said lead author Shaun Marcott of
Oregon State University in an interview, "is that the
records I use are completely independent, and produce the
same result." Here is Grist.org, which refers in the
passage below to the same figure shown above: A study
published in Science reconstructs global temperatures
further back than ever before - a full 11,300 years. The
new analysis finds that the only problem with Mann's
hockey stick was that its handle was about 9,000 years too
short. The rate of warming over the last 100 years hasn't
been seen for as far back as the advent of agriculture.
To be clear, the study finds that temperatures in about a
fifth of this historical period were higher than they are
today. But the key, said lead author Shaun Marcott of Oregon
State University, is that temperatures are shooting through
the roof faster than I've ever seen.
"What I found is that temperatures increased in the last
100 years as much as they had cooled in the last 6,000 or
7,000," he said. "In other words, the rate of change is
much greater than anything I've seen in the whole
Holocene," referring to the current geologic time period,
which began around 11,500 years ago. Back to more mainstream
outlets, here is how Nature characterized the study,
offering a substantially similar but somewhat more technical
description of the curve shown in the figure above: Marcott
and his colleagues set about reconstructing global climate
trends all the way back to 11,300 years ago, when the
Northern Hemisphere was emerging from the most recent ice
age. To do so, they collected and analyzed data gathered by
other teams. The 73 overlapping climate records that they
considered included sediment cores drilled from lake bottoms
and sea floors around the world, along with a handful of ice
cores collected in Antarctica and Greenland.
Each of these chronicles spanned at least 6,500 years, and
each included a millennium-long baseline period beginning in
the middle of the post-ice-age period at 3550 bc.
For some records, the researchers inferred past temperatures
from the ratio of magnesium and calcium ions in the shells
of microscopic creatures that had died and dropped to the
ocean floor; for others, they measured the lengths of
long-chain organic molecules called alkenones that were
trapped in the sediments.
After the ice age, they found, global average temperatures
rose until they reached a plateau between 7550 and 3550 bc.
Then a long-term cooling trend set in, reaching its lowest
temperature extreme between ad 1450 and 1850. Since then,
temperatures have been increasing at a dramatic clip: from
the first decade of the twentieth century to now, global
average temperatures rose from near their coldest point
since the ice age to nearly their warmest, Marcott and his
team report today in Science. And here is New Scientist,
making reference to the exact same graph: Shaun Marcott of
Oregon State University in Corvallis and colleagues have
compiled 73 such proxies from around the world, all of which
reach back to the end of the last glacial period, 11,300
years ago. During this period, known as the Holocene, the
climate has been relatively warm - and civilisation has
flourished.
"Most global temperature reconstructions have only spanned
the past 2000 years," says Marcott.
Marcott's graph shows temperatures rising slowly after the
ice age, until they peaked 9500 years ago. The total rise
over that period was about 0.6 °C. They then held steady
until around 5500 years ago, when they began slowly falling
again until around 1850. The drop was 0.7 °C, roughly
reversing the previous rise.
Then, in the late 19th century, the graph shows temperatures
shooting up, driven by humanity's greenhouse gas emissions.
The rate of warming in the last 150 years is unlike anything
that happened in at least 11,000 years, says Michael Mann of
the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, who
was not involved in Marcott's study. It was Mann who created
the original hockey stick graph (see upper graph here),
which showed the change in global temperatures over the last
1000 years.
Over the Holocene, temperatures rose and fell less than 1
°C, and they did so over thousands of years, says Marcott.
"It took 8000 years to go from warm to cold." Agriculture,
communal life and forms of government all arose during this
relatively stable period, he adds. Then in 100 years, global
temperatures suddenly shot up again to very close to the
previous maximum. It seems clear that even as various media
took different angles on the story and covered it in varying
degrees of technical detail, the articles listed above
accurately reflected the conclusions reflected in the NSF
press release, and specifically the "hockey stick"-like
character of the new temperature reconstruction.
Unfortunately, all of this is just wrong, as I explain
below. (If you'd like to explore media coverage further here
is a link to more stories. My colleague Tom Yulsman got
punked too.)
The Problem with the NSF Press Release and the Subsequent
Reporting
There is a big problem with the media reporting of the new
paper. It contains a fundamental error which (apparently)
originates in the NSF press release and which was furthered
by public comments by scientists.
In a belatedly-posted FAQ to the paper, which appeared on
Real Climate earlier today, Marcott et al. make this
startling admission: Q: What do paleotemperature
reconstructions show about the temperature of the last 100
years?
A: Our global paleotemperature reconstruction includes a
so-called "uptick" in temperatures during the
20th-century. However, in the paper I make the point that
this particular feature is of shorter duration than the
inherent smoothing in our statistical averaging procedure,
and that it is based on only a few available
paleo-reconstructions of the type I used. Thus, the 20th
century portion of our paleotemperature stack is not
statistically robust, cannot be considered representative of
global temperature changes, and therefore is not the basis
of any of our conclusions. Got that?
In case you missed it, I repeat: . . . the 20th century
portion of our paleotemperature stack is not statistically
robust, cannot be considered representative of global
temperature changes . . . What that means is that this paper
actually has nothing to do with a "hockey stick" as it does
not have the ability to reproduce 20th century temperatures
in a manner that is "statistically robust." The new "hockey
stick" is no such thing as Marcott et al. has no blade. (To
be absolutely clear, I'm not making a point about
temperatures of the 20th century, but what can be concluded
from the paper about temperatures of the 20th century.)
Yet, you might recall that the NSF press release said
something quite different: What that [temperature
reconstruction] history shows, the researchers say, is that
during the last 5,000 years, the Earth on average cooled
about 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit--until the last 100 years, when
it warmed about 1.3 degrees F. So what the paper actually
shows is the following, after I have removed from the graph
the 20th century period that is "not statistically robust"
(this is also the figure that appears at the top of this
post): Surely there is great value in such an analysis of
pre-20th century temperatures. And there can be no doubt
there will be continuing debates and discussions about the
paper's methods and conclusions. But one point that any
observer should be able to clearly conclude is that the
public representation of the paper was grossly in error. The
temperature reconstruction does not allow any conclusions to
be made about the period after 1900.
Does the public misrepresentation amount to scientific
misconduct? I'm not sure, but it is far too close to that
line for comfort. Saying so typically leads to a torrent of
angry ad hominem and defensive attacks, and evokes little in
the way of actual concern for the integrity of this highly
politicized area of science. Looking past the predictable
responses, this mess can be fixed in a relatively
straightforward manner with everyone's reputation intact.
How to Fix This
Here are the steps that I recommend should be taken:
1) Science should issue a correction to the paper, and
specially do the following:
(a) retract and replot all figures in the paper and SI
eliminating from the graphs all data/results that fail to
meet the paper's criteria for "statistical robustness." (b)
include in the correction the explicit and unambiguous
statement offered in the FAQ released today that the
analysis is not "statistically robust" post-1900.
2) NSF should issue a correction to its press release,
clarifying and correcting the statements of Peter Clark (a
co-author, found above) and Candace Major, NSF program
manager, who says in the release: "The last century stands
out as the anomaly in this record of global temperature
since the end of the last ice age," says Candace Major,
program director in the National Science Foundation's (NSF)
Division of Ocean Sciences. 3) The New York Times (Gillis
and Revkin, in particular), Nature and New Scientist as
outlets that pride themselves in accurate reporting of
science should update their stories with corrections. Grist
and Climate Central should consider the same.
[UPDATE: Andy Revkin at DotEarth has updated his posts here
and here to reference the "lost blade" from the hockey stick
and link to this post. That was quick and easy. Others take
note.]
Let me be perfectly clear -- I am accusing no one of
scientific misconduct. The errors documented here could have
been the product of group dynamics, institutional
dysfunction, miscommunication, sloppiness or laziness (do
note that misconduct can result absent explicit intent).
However, what matters most now is how the relevant parties
respond to the identification of a clear misrepresentation
of a scientific paper by those who should not make such
errors.
That response will say a lot about how this small but
visible part of the climate community views the importance
of scientific integrity.