Christian,
What happens if you change to the /usr/share/weewx/bin dir an run it as:
$ ./wee_device --help
Or use the fully-qualified path?
$ /usr/share/weewx/bin/wee_device --help
By default the current path (.) is not in your PATH environment variable.
You may have changed that in user pi's "dot" files on the RPI where things are working (~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, /etc/bash.bashrc, ~/.profile, /etc/profile, etc.).
It's better to leave the current path (.) out of your PATH for security reasons and always pretend ./ to the command or use the fully-qualified path to the exec/script.
You can "simulate" the "not found" using any command that doesn't exist. For example,
$ oog
-bash: oog: command not found
Don't forget if you're running from pkgs, most weewx commands need to be prefaced with sudo.
Other than that, I would use "sudo apt list --installed" on each RPI and then diff the outputs to see what packages you are missing. Seems unlikely that you are missing python, but that's wee_device is using:
$ head wee_device
#!/usr/bin/python
If you don't have /usr/bin/python then that would explain a lot, but it would also be surprising to me that an RPI could function without it. ;-)
Regards,
\Leon
--
Leon Shaner :: Dearborn, Michigan (iPad)