Belchertown and MQTT configuration error

[M&M]

Somewhat of a new user here to Weewx.  I am running it on a Raspberry Pi Zero W (192.168.0.196) and also installed the Belchertown skin.  I followed these steps (https://www.wxforum.net/index.php?topic=43377.0) to install and configure MQTT but I'm running into some errors.  Here is what part of my weewx.conf file looks like for the MQTT stuff:

    [[MQTT]]
        server_url = mqtt://random_username:random_...@192.168.0.196:1883
        unit_system = US
        topic = weather
        binding = archive, loop
        aggregation = aggregate

    [[Belchertown]]
        skin = Belchertown
        HTML_ROOT = /var/www/html/weewx/belchertown
        enable = true


        [[[Extras]]]

            #--- MQTT Websockets (for Real Time Streaming) Options ---
            mqtt_websockets_enabled = 1
            mqtt_websockets_host = 192.168.0.x
            mqtt_websockets_port = 9001
            mqtt_websockets_ssl = 0
            mqtt_websockets_topic = weather/loop

I also added user.mqtt.MQTT to restful_services at the end of the file.

The error I'm seeing in journalctl is:

Jul 24 22:16:40 raspberrypi weewxd[25776]: ERROR user.mqtt: Failed to connect to MQTT server (mqtt://random_username:x...@192.168.0.196:1883): [Errno 111] Connection refused
Jul 24 22:16:40 raspberrypi weewxd[25776]: ERROR weewx.restx: MQTT: Failed to publish record 2024-07-24 22:15:00 EDT (1721873700): MQTT client not available

Any ideas what I'm missing?

[vince]

Connection refused generally means the remote computer is not accepting incoming connections on that port.   It looks to me like you are trying to connect to the MQTT server on the same pi ?   Did you enable and start the MQTT server ?

Did you test it with mosquitto_sub and mosquitto_pub to know that the MQTT server is working ok ?

The authoritative belchertown docs are at https://github.com/poblabs/weewx-belchertown?tab=readme-ov-file#mqtt-and-mqtt-websockets-optional if you haven't gone through them already.  Note that it has a prerequisite to install the MQTT extension which itself has prerequisite python modules.

Test with mosquitto_sub/pub first to know your MQTT server is working as desired, then do the weewx part.

[M&M]

That is correct that I have the MQTT installed as an extension for weewx which is running on the pi.  I checked for a mqtt.service and I'm not seeing one on there.  I'm also not seeing a mosquitto_sub or pub installed so I think I must have missed anothe page to get this installed and working.  From searching around right now, it looks like I need to follow this page:  https://obrienlabs.net/how-to-setup-your-own-mqtt-broker/

I'm hoping to get this on a website that doesn't cost anything but one step at a time.

Am I on the right track?  

[vince]

Pat's docs are authoritative for Belchertown and the MQTT stuff looks ok to me.  Just follow that.

https://github.com/weewx/weewx/wiki/mqtt has Tom's instructions for installing the MQTT extension.  You can check it at least minimally by running "weectl extension list" and it should show up in the list of installed extensions.

Your config file stuff for weewx that you posted looked ok to me.

[M&M]

I'm getting closer.  Mosquito service is running but weewx gives me the follow error in journalctl:

Jul 25 22:59:55 raspberrypi weewxd[25852]: INFO __main__: Terminating weewx version 5.0.2
Jul 25 22:59:55 raspberrypi systemd[1]: weewx.service: Succeeded.
Jul 25 22:59:55 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Stopped WeeWX.
Jul 25 22:59:55 raspberrypi systemd[1]: weewx.service: Consumed 3h 44min 13.462s CPU time.
Jul 25 23:00:51 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Started WeeWX.
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]: INFO __main__: Initializing weewxd version 5.0.2
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]: INFO __main__: Command line: /usr/share/weewx/weewxd.py /etc/weewx/weewx.conf
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]: Traceback (most recent call last):
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/usr/share/weewx/weewxd.py", line 265, in <module>
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     main()
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/usr/share/weewx/weewxd.py", line 107, in main
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     weewx_root, user_module = weeutil.startup.initialize(config_dict)
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/usr/share/weewx/weeutil/startup.py", line 67, in initialize
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     importlib.import_module('user.extensions')
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/usr/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/etc/weewx/bin/user/extensions.py", line 18, in <module>
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:   File "/usr/lib/python3.9/locale.py", line 610, in setlocale
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]:     return _setlocale(category, locale)
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi weewxd[28347]: locale.Error: unsupported locale setting
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi systemd[1]: weewx.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi systemd[1]: weewx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 25 23:00:53 raspberrypi systemd[1]: weewx.service: Consumed 2.050s CPU time.

[M&M]

Also I tried commenting out all of the MQTT lines in weewx.conf so that I could get the service running again but it isn't running at all.  Giving me the same error as I posted above.

[Mark Jenks]

Make sure MQTT is running correctly. You can test it via CLI.     This page goes into configuring a cert, you can stop reading at that point.

https://medium.com/gravio-edge-iot-platform/how-to-set-up-a-mosquitto-mqtt-broker-securely-using-client-certificates-82b2aaaef9c8

[vince]

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14547631/python-locale-error-unsupported-locale-settling

Have you messed with system locale at the os level or edited it in some weewx or mqtt config file ? There have been some skeletal reports about this over the years but I've never really understood the explanations.

[M&M]

Oh thats right!  I edited the /etc/default/locales file.  I changed it from en_GB.UTF-8 to en_US.UTF-8 since I was trying to fix the time in Belchertown skin to show a 12h time format.  I believe I fixed it and for some reason, i decided to edit the locales file.  I'll change that back when I get to that system.

Thanks.  I believe that is what will fix it.

[M&M]

Making some progress.  I am back to having weewx running and I now have mosquito running as well.  I was able to test that service by mosquitto_sub and mosquitto_pub which worked by sending "hello world".  However when I check my local Belchertown page, it now says this at the top:

Failed connecting to the weather station. Please try again later! Last Updated 26 July 2024, 23:10:00

[M&M]

I checked journalctl and now I'm seeing this error:

Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd[1141]: ERROR user.ambientweatherapi: AmbientAPI get_devices() returned empty dict
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd.py[1141]: ambientweatherapi driver encountered an error.
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd[1141]: ERROR user.ambientweatherapi: ambientweatherapi driver encountered an error.
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd.py[1141]: Error caught was: AmbientAPI get_devices() returned empty dict
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd[1141]: ERROR user.ambientweatherapi: Error caught was: AmbientAPI get_devices() returned empty dict
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd.py[1141]: ambientweatherapi driver had an error sending data to weewx.
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd[1141]: ERROR user.ambientweatherapi: ambientweatherapi driver had an error sending data to weewx.
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd.py[1141]: Error caught was: Previous error occured, skipping packet build.
Jul 26 23:16:30 raspberrypi weewxd[1141]: ERROR user.ambientweatherapi: Error caught was: Previous error occured, skipping packet build.

[M&M]

I checked mosquitto.conf and it has "listener 1883" in it.  I also disabled my pihole and checked that my raspberry pi is listening on port 1883.  

[gary....@gmail.com]

Do you have an acl and does it resemble this?

# Allow anonymous access to the sys
topic read $SYS/#
 
# Allow anonymous to read weather
topic read weather/#
topic read tester/#
 
# weewx readwrite to the loop
user weewx
topic weather/#
topic tester/#

Did you create a password for the weewx user (not the linux user, the mqtt user)?

Does your mosquitto conf file resemble this?

persistence false
allow_anonymous true
password_file /etc/mosquitto/pwfile
acl_file /etc/mosquitto/acl
# Insecure mqtt to localhost only, and secure mqtt
listener 1883
listener 8883
certfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/cert.pem
cafile /etc/mosquitto/certs/chain.pem
keyfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/privkey.pem
protocol mqtt
 
# websockets
listener 8080
certfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/cert.pem
cafile /etc/mosquitto/certs/chain.pem
keyfile /etc/mosquitto/certs/privkey.pem
protocol websockets

[M&M]

Where can I find out if I have acl?

My mosquitto.conf file looks a bit different.  I didn't change any of it after it was installed besides the two listener lines.  It looks like this:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ more /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
# Place your local configuration in /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/
#
# A full description of the configuration file is at
# /usr/share/doc/mosquitto/examples/mosquitto.conf.example

pid_file /run/mosquitto/mosquitto.pid

persistence true
persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/

log_dest file /var/log/mosquitto/mosquitto.log

include_dir /etc/mosquitto/conf.d

listener 1883
listener 9001
protocol websockets

[gary....@gmail.com]

I see you haven't done much research.

If you want to understand this and get the Belchertown skin to work, you need to do some.

A default mosquitto.conf isn't going to work as you want.

You will likely need SSL certs in order to have websockets work via the internet vs local LAN.

You should have writing to mosquitto password protected, but allow anonymous reading.

When MQTT/Websockets works, it is great. Getting there requires a passing familiarity with the care and feeding of mosquitto.

[M&M]

I've read a bunch about MQTT, Belchertown, and Weewx so I thought I would able to get this working.  From the pages I read on github and such, it didn't seem like it took a lot of configuration to mosquitto to get it working.  From the links I posted above that I followed, it didn't seem that I needed to have SSL certs working yet to get it working locally.  I figured I would do that first before venturing out to get this working on a website.  So I'll go back and see what I can configure to get the certs added to my conf files.

Do you have any websites that you suggest to use to get this working?  I feel like I'm close.

[vince]

You're probably overthinking. It's really very simple.   You don't need SSL if you're just going to run on your LAN.  You likely don't even need to password protect it either if you are LAN only.

See the example starting at line 72 of https://github.com/vinceskahan/weewx-odds-and-ends/blob/master/install-belchertown-websockets for the minimal mosquitto MQTT server setup that works for me.

[Stefanos Kalaitzis]

Try this in weewx.conf :** but be careful with the unit_system
[[MQTT]]
        topic = your_topic
        unit_system = METRICWX
        binding = loop
        aggregation = aggregate
        log_success = false
        log_failure = true
        server_url = mqtt://broker.hivemq.com:1883

      [[[inputs]]]
            [[[[windSpeed]]]]
                units = km_per_hour
            [[[[windGust]]]]
                units = km_per_hour

In belchertown stanza :

#--- MQTT Websockets (for Real Time Streaming) Options ---
            mqtt_websockets_enabled = 1

            mqtt_websockets_host = broker.hivemq.com
            mqtt_websockets_port = 8884
            mqtt_websockets_ssl = 1
            mqtt_websockets_topic = yourtopic/loop
            # disconnect_live_website_visitor = 1800000

**Change only the topic and the unit system you are using. Because i am writing from mobile please forgive me if something is strange to your eyes.

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[M&M]

Vince, I followed that link and I'm making some progress.  Thank you.  I now get the message on my local page:

Connected. Waiting for data. Last Updated 4 August 2024, 23:00:00

I've been reading over some threads of people having the same issue but those fixes are not working for me.  Thoughts?

[vince]

Can't help without seeing your current mosquitto config file and your weewx.conf file at a minimum.   Remember you need to restart weewx after making weewx.conf changes and that your mosquitto broker is running and accepting incoming traffic into the ip address you are trying to talk to.

You might check your mosquitto broker's logfile too to see if anything there is being logged that might help.

[M&M]

Thanks for looking into this for me.  I feel like I've read a bunch of pages and that I'm really close to this.  I've attached my weewx.conf, mosquitto.conf, and local.conf (located at /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/).

Looking at the mosquitto log file, I'm seeing this error a ton of times:

1722824003: mosquitto version 2.0.11 starting
1722824003: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1722824003: Opening websockets listen socket on port 9001.
1722824003: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1722824003: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1722824003: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1722824003: Error: Address already in use

Although ps -ef is only showing one mosquitto running which I see the service running with systemctl.

[vince]

try "sudo ss -tupl" which should show which process is using port 1883....

[M&M]

Looks like I have two mosquittos running on 1883 but they have the same PID.  

pi@raspberrypi:/etc/weewx/skins/Belchertown $ sudo ss -tupl
Netid        State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port        Process
udp          UNCONN         0              0                            0.0.0.0:51030                       0.0.0.0:*            users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=234,fd=14))
udp          UNCONN         0              0                            0.0.0.0:mdns                        0.0.0.0:*            users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=234,fd=12))
udp          UNCONN         0              0                            0.0.0.0:bootpc                      0.0.0.0:*            users:(("dhcpcd",pid=571,fd=13))
udp          UNCONN         0              0                                  *:mdns                              *:*            users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=234,fd=13))
udp          UNCONN         0              0                                  *:54532                             *:*            users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=234,fd=15))
tcp          LISTEN         0              100                          0.0.0.0:1883                        0.0.0.0:*            users:(("mosquitto",pid=18024,fd=8))
tcp          LISTEN         0              128                          0.0.0.0:ssh                         0.0.0.0:*            users:(("sshd",pid=354,fd=3))
tcp          LISTEN         0              100                             [::]:1883                           [::]:*            users:(("mosquitto",pid=18024,fd=9))
tcp          LISTEN         0              4096                               *:9001                              *:*            users:(("mosquitto",pid=18024,fd=7))
tcp          LISTEN         0              511                                *:http                              *:*            users:(("apache2",pid=23498,fd=4),("apache2",pid=23497,fd=4),("apache2",pid=356,fd=4))
tcp          LISTEN         0              128                             [::]:ssh                            [::]:*            users:(("sshd",pid=354,fd=4))

[vince]

(apologies for the long post below)

No - you have one process listening on two ports, which is correct.

I just did a full install to a clean pi4 it works for me.  Here are the config file snippets and some diagnostic information....

Note - if you set log_success true in the MQTT section you can verify weewx is publishing to the MQTT broker ok via the weewx log

#-------------------------------------------------------

# From the weewx log

#-------------------------------------------------------

2024-08-08T19:55:17.387146-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: DEBUG weewx.manager: Daily summary version is 4.0
2024-08-08T19:55:17.876041-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.restx: MQTT: Published record 2024-08-08 19:55:18 PDT (1723172118)
2024-08-08T19:55:18.294317-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.cheetahgenerator: Generated 12 files for report Belchertown in 0.92 seconds
2024-08-08T19:55:18.307852-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.reportengine: Copied 3 files to /home/pi/weewx-data/public_html/belchertown
2024-08-08T19:55:18.324487-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: DEBUG weewx.manager: Daily summary version is 4.0
2024-08-08T19:55:18.487352-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: DEBUG weewx.reportengine: Report 'FTP' not enabled. Skipping.
2024-08-08T19:55:18.487690-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: DEBUG weewx.reportengine: Report 'RSYNC' not enabled. Skipping.
2024-08-08T19:55:20.375037-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.restx: MQTT: Published record 2024-08-08 19:55:20 PDT (1723172120)
2024-08-08T19:55:22.874986-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.restx: MQTT: Published record 2024-08-08 19:55:23 PDT (1723172123)
2024-08-08T19:55:25.375017-07:00 raspberrypi weewxd[4222]: INFO weewx.restx: MQTT: Published record 2024-08-08 19:55:25 PDT (1723172125)

#-------------------------------------------------------

# Example mosquitto log

#-------------------------------------------------------

1723168752: mosquitto version 2.0.11 starting
1723168752: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1723168752: Starting in local only mode. Connections will only be possible from clients running on this machine.
1723168752: Create a configuration file which defines a listener to allow remote access.
1723168752: For more details see https://mosquitto.org/documentation/authentication-methods/
1723168752: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1723168752: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1723168801: mosquitto version 2.0.11 running
1723170602: Saving in-memory database to /var/lib/mosquitto//mosquitto.db.
1723170686: New connection from 192.168.1.232:56773 on port 1883.
1723170686: New client connected from 192.168.1.232:56773 as weewx_784a909c (p2, c1, k60).
1723170915: Client weewx_784a909c closed its connection.
1723171692: New connection from 192.168.1.232:51645 on port 1883.
1723171692: New client connected from 192.168.1.232:51645 as weewx_b396e0df (p2, c1, k60).
1723171834: New client connected from ::ffff:192.168.1.51:54402 as website522586962 (p2, c1, k60).
1723172225: Client weewx_b396e0df closed its connection.
1723172228: New connection from 192.168.1.232:54439 on port 1883.
1723172228: New client connected from 192.168.1.232:54439 as weewx_2d9b84ff (p2, c1, k60).
1723172403: Saving in-memory database to /var/lib/mosquitto//mosquitto.db.

#-------------------------------------------------------
# weewx.conf snippets for Belchertown websockets
#-------------------------------------------------------

[StdRESTful]

    [[MQTT]]
        server_url = mqtt://192.168.1.232:1883/
        topic = simulator
        unit_system = US

        binding = archive, loop
        aggregation = aggregate

        enable = true
        log_success = true     # NOTE: THIS IS VERY CHATTY
        log_failure = true


[StdReport]

    [[Belchertown]]
        skin = Belchertown
        HTML_ROOT = public_html/belchertown

        enable = true

        [[[Extras]]]

            #--- MQTT Websockets (for Real Time Streaming) Options ---
            mqtt_websockets_enabled = 1

            mqtt_websockets_host = 192.168.1.232

            mqtt_websockets_port = 9001
            mqtt_websockets_ssl = 0

            mqtt_websockets_topic = simulator/loop
            disconnect_live_website_visitor = 1800000

#---------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/local.conf for minimal websockets
#---------------------------------------------------------

listener 9001
protocol websockets

listener 1883
allow_anonymous true

#---------------------------------------------------------
# weectl extension list
#---------------------------------------------------------

Extension Name    Version   Description
Belchertown       1.3.1     A clean modern skin with real time streaming updates and interactive charts. Modeled after BelchertownWeather.com
mqtt              0.24      Upload weather data to MQTT server.

#---------------------------------------------------------
# venv pip3 list
#---------------------------------------------------------

Package    Version
---------- -----------
configobj  5.0.8
CT3        3.3.3.post1
ephem      4.1.5
paho-mqtt  2.1.0
pillow     10.4.0
pip        23.0.1
PyMySQL    1.1.1
pyserial   3.5
pyusb      1.2.1
setuptools 66.1.1
six        1.16.0

#---------------------------------------------------------
# sudo ss -tupl
#---------------------------------------------------------

Netid                State                  Recv-Q                 Send-Q                                 Local Address:Port                                  Peer Address:Port                Process

udp                  UNCONN                 0                      0                                            0.0.0.0:mdns                                       0.0.0.0:*                    users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=536,fd=12))
udp                  UNCONN                 0                      0                                            0.0.0.0:54830                                      0.0.0.0:*                    users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=536,fd=14))
udp                  UNCONN                 0                      0                                                  *:48349                                            *:*                    users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=536,fd=15))
udp                  UNCONN                 0                      0                                                  *:mdns                                             *:*                    users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=536,fd=13))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      128                                          0.0.0.0:ssh                                        0.0.0.0:*                    users:(("sshd",pid=782,fd=3))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      511                                          0.0.0.0:http                                       0.0.0.0:*                    users:(("nginx",pid=1627,fd=5),("nginx",pid=1626,fd=5),("nginx",pid=1625,fd=5),("nginx",pid=1624,fd=5),("nginx",pid=1622,fd=5))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      100                                          0.0.0.0:1883                                       0.0.0.0:*                    users:(("mosquitto",pid=1268,fd=8))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      4096                                               *:9001                                             *:*                    users:(("mosquitto",pid=1268,fd=7))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      128                                             [::]:ssh                                           [::]:*                    users:(("sshd",pid=782,fd=4))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      511                                             [::]:http                                          [::]:*                    users:(("nginx",pid=1627,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1626,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1625,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1624,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1622,fd=6))
tcp                  LISTEN                 0                      100                                             [::]:1883                                          [::]:*                    users:(("mosquitto",pid=1268,fd=9))

[M&M]

Interesting.  I changed log_success to true however my /var/log/weewx.log file is empty.

[M&M]

Do you think starting over will fix my errors?  I don't have the latest Raspberry Pi OS on here so maybe that is causing issues.

[vince]

Sorry - I don't know and basically have no idea what your system configuration is at this point.  You mention a /var/log/weewx.log file that doesn't even exist typically.  You definitely should be seeing log messages unless you forgot to stop/restart weewx after setting log_success true.  Also set debug=1 in weewx.conf.

You're basically going to need to either get logging working and follow what the logs say to determine what isn't correct, or start over and use the example files I posted which 'do' work on a modern raspios.