My guess is that a necessary package is missing. Make sure that the libxcb and libxcb-keysyms packages are installed.
Alf Nilsson --
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Never mind. I tried force-uninstalling those packages, and that makes VirtualGL fail much earlier than what you are observing. I'm not sure what's causing the issue, but I am suspicious at the fact that libGL.so points to /usr/lib/mesa-diverted/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so. That seems wrong for an nVidia installation.
I did a deep dive in the Nvidia driver. It does not have it's own libGL.so, it uses the mesa-diverted libGL.so, which really should be called "generic" or "base" libGL.so.
Found this after searching for why the newer Nvidia drivers do not include a libGL.so file at all.
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For posterity, we discovered after running 'strace vglrun xclock' that another interposer (/usr/local/lib/AppProtection/libAppProtection.so) was being inserted into the preload chain. Apparently that interposer is installed by the Citrix ICA client and referenced in /etc/ld.so.preload. Since LD_PRELOAD takes precedence over /etc/ld.so.preload, VirtualGL was inserted into the preload chain ahead of libAppProtection.so, so VirtualGL's attempts to load XCB functions from the "real" libxcb were intercepted by libAppProtection.so instead. The user uninstalled the Citrix client, and the problem went away. However, since app protection is not required in order to use the ICA client, another workaround would have been to simply remove /usr/local/lib/AppProtection/libAppProtection.so from /etc/ld.so.preload.
DRC
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