Мельник («Myel'nik» or «Melnik») is a translation; it is what I would
use to make me sound Russian if my family name were Mo(o)lenaar,
Meunier, Miller or Molinaro. Моленар («Molenar») is a transliteration;
it is what a Russian would use when talking of a foreigner, namely of
a Dutchman with a family name of Moolenaar, or of a Belgian with a
family name of Molenaar, but not of someone with a name of the same
meaning in a different language (except maybe Afrikaans, which is
quite close to Dutch). Similarly, in the first case Bram's given name
should be translated to Абрахам («Abrakham») followed by a translation
of Bram's father's given name followed by -ович or (depending of the
patronymic's last letter) -евич; in the latter case Bram gets
transliterated as Брам. For instance I (Anthony son-of-Andrew
Mechelynck) translate my name to Антон Андреевич Михайлов («Anton
Andreyevich Mikhaylov») or maybe to Антон Андреевич Михаленко («Anton
Andreyevich Mikhalenko») — the former variant is more great-Russian,
the latter one is more Ukrainian — while a Russian would translate the
name on my ID («Antoine Mechelynck», not counting my additional given
names) to Антуан Мехелинк («Antuan Mekhelink») after the written form,
or to Антуан Мекленк («Antuan Meklenk») according to how a Russian
would hear the way I pronounce it in French.
Best regards,
Tony.