On Sep 3, 2022, at 4:14 AM, Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com> wrote:
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Chidi,Please tell us how ASUU has treated students that has warranted your idea of Karma.
Segun OgungbemiSent from my iPhoneOn Sep 3, 2022, at 4:14 AM, Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com> wrote:
I am tempted to believe that the way the Nigerian government is treating ASUU is the hand work of karma because of the way ASUU members treat students.-Chidi Anthony Opara (CAO)
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Where would one start to narrate the ugly manner in which ASUU members and in fact all lecturers in both federal and state universities in Nigeria (Mal)treat students.I have a daughter who attended the University of Port Harcourt.There was a time I had to visit a lecturer at home to warn him that if my daughter who was doing very well in her grades up to her third year, fail any of his courses or any course taught by any of his friends, that I would make sure that there would be a public enquiry to be consisted of persons from outside the university.He had threatened my daughter that no matter what she wrote in the exams, that she would never pass any of his courses and that of his friends.Problem was that my daughter refused to be his lover as confirmed by other students who knew about the incident.The above is just a tiny fraction of what really happens. Unfortunately, most of the students in Nigerian public universities do not have people to fight for them, most of those who have, would not report such incidents for fear of persecution by the concerned lecturers and their friends.Thanks.-CAO.
I know how many times I begged the girl not to drop out of school because of frustration prior to the warning.
On Saturday, September 3, 2022, <segun...@gmail.com> wrote:
Chidi,Please tell us how ASUU has treated students that has warranted your idea of Karma.
Segun OgungbemiSent from my iPhoneOn Sep 3, 2022, at 4:14 AM, Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com> wrote:
I am tempted to believe that the way the Nigerian government is treating ASUU is the hand work of karma because of the way ASUU members treat students.-Chidi Anthony Opara (CAO)
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The description of the Nigerian Civil War as genocide against Biafra is problematic.I wonder how the war was engineered by Britain.ThanksToyin
On Sat, Sep 10, 2022, 11:00 Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com> wrote:
The Professor wasn't talking about Colonialism. She was talking about the Biafra Genocide engineered by Her Majesty's government of Britain from 1967 to 1970 and executed by the Nigerian military government of Yakubu Gowon.-Chidi Anthony Opara (CAO)
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Oluwatoyin,Truth is always problematic to those who don't want it said for whatever reasons.
The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege.That action of Gowon on the advice of Her Majesty's government led to the renewed offensive and the consequent genocide.-CAO.
The description of the Nigerian Civil War as genocide against Biafra is problematic.I wonder how the war was engineered by Britain.ThanksToyin
On Sat, Sep 10, 2022, 11:00 Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com> wrote:
The Professor wasn't talking about Colonialism. She was talking about the Biafra Genocide engineered by Her Majesty's government of Britain from 1967 to 1970 and executed by the Nigerian military government of Yakubu Gowon.-Chidi Anthony Opara (CAO)
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According to Oluwatotin Vincent Adepoju,
“This narrative of genocide, of destruction in which the victim victimised no one and existed purely as the passive recipient of the inhumanity of others has no relationship to the reality of that war” -
Since we are aware people and have been alerted to “ the danger posed by a single story” by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the author of “Half of a Yellow Sun”, let these links below serve as more than a mere footnote to the “complex realities” that Oluwatoyin Vincent Afepoju is brave enough to allude to:
“The people of Bakana, an Ijaw-speaking tribe of Rivers State, Nigeria, tell their story of forceful evacuation by Biafran Soldiers and eventual liberation by federal troops after 124 days in exile during the Nigerian Civil War" :
Bakana '68 Pt 1kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
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It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
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If there had been war tribunal after the civil war, Ojukwu and others would have been convicted of war crimes for taking civilian hostages and refusing to accept relief supplies to non-combatants. In Nigeria where everything is up-side-down and people think with the heart and not the brain, the defeated in a war want to put the victor on trial for genocide because the defeated who took civilian hostages (both elderly women, men and children) that they could not feed by themselves but refused to accept food through supervised corridors, starved to death. While I have no reason to defend the Queen of UK, I am told that Queen Elisabeth II's government supported Gowon to commit genocide against the Igbo. What is the evidence for that? Chidi somersaulted backwards referring to "photos from Her Majesty Queen Elisabeth II's credible independent BBC of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkor Biafran children. Human head is not a hat shelf, it contains brain to think.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
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it seems the biafran command's management of biafran civilians as well as their response to the issues around food relief need serious scrutiny.there is a need for rounded narratives.toyin
On Thu, 15 Sept 2022 at 21:20, Salimonu Kadiri <ogunl...@hotmail.com> wrote:
If there had been war tribunal after the civil war, Ojukwu and others would have been convicted of war crimes for taking civilian hostages and refusing to accept relief supplies to non-combatants. In Nigeria where everything is up-side-down and people think with the heart and not the brain, the defeated in a war want to put the victor on trial for genocide because the defeated who took civilian hostages (both elderly women, men and children) that they could not feed by themselves but refused to accept food through supervised corridors, starved to death. While I have no reason to defend the Queen of UK, I am told that Queen Elisabeth II's government supported Gowon to commit genocide against the Igbo. What is the evidence for that? Chidi somersaulted backwards referring to "photos from Her Majesty Queen Elisabeth II's credible independent BBC of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkor Biafran children. Human head is not a hat shelf, it contains brain to think.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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I think I've said my bit.The Biafran tragedy was partly the fault of Biafra's leadership.I see that you have refused to address that argument, even though myself earlier and Kadiri later have given examples that are unavoidable.The insistence on unqualified critique of Nigeria's war conduct and silence or whitewashing about Biafran leadership's problematic decisions in that war makes it harder for many Nigerians to adequately credit the Biafran tragedy.Also, those in the Midwest and the SS and SE minorities who suffered at the hands of Biafra await recognition of their suffering by the Biafrans and their descendants.It does not seem to be forthcoming.But the self appointed spokespeople for Biafra want Biafra's suffering acknowledged in a way that is not agreeable to all parties in that conflict.So, where shall we start from?ThanksToyin
On Fri, Sep 16, 2022, 00:52 Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com> wrote:
it seems the biafran command's management of biafran civilians as well as their response to the issues around food relief need serious scrutiny.there is a need for rounded narratives.toyin
On Thu, 15 Sept 2022 at 21:20, Salimonu Kadiri <ogunl...@hotmail.com> wrote:
If there had been war tribunal after the civil war, Ojukwu and others would have been convicted of war crimes for taking civilian hostages and refusing to accept relief supplies to non-combatants. In Nigeria where everything is up-side-down and people think with the heart and not the brain, the defeated in a war want to put the victor on trial for genocide because the defeated who took civilian hostages (both elderly women, men and children) that they could not feed by themselves but refused to accept food through supervised corridors, starved to death. While I have no reason to defend the Queen of UK, I am told that Queen Elisabeth II's government supported Gowon to commit genocide against the Igbo. What is the evidence for that? Chidi somersaulted backwards referring to "photos from Her Majesty Queen Elisabeth II's credible independent BBC of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkor Biafran children. Human head is not a hat shelf, it contains brain to think.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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So far The Geneva Convention has not been mentioned in this thread.
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's QuoteSalimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's QuoteSalimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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"So, where shall we start from?"-Oluwatoyin AdepojuWe start by accepting the truth evidenced by Awolowo's "starvation is a legitimate instrument of war" a statement made to justify Gowon's Policy of blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra, which saw that many children and the elderly died as a result and the well documented attrocities on the civilian population of Biafra of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
I think I've said my bit.The Biafran tragedy was partly the fault of Biafra's leadership.I see that you have refused to address that argument, even though myself earlier and Kadiri later have given examples that are unavoidable.The insistence on unqualified critique of Nigeria's war conduct and silence or whitewashing about Biafran leadership's problematic decisions in that war makes it harder for many Nigerians to adequately credit the Biafran tragedy.Also, those in the Midwest and the SS and SE minorities who suffered at the hands of Biafra await recognition of their suffering by the Biafrans and their descendants.It does not seem to be forthcoming.But the self appointed spokespeople for Biafra want Biafra's suffering acknowledged in a way that is not agreeable to all parties in that conflict.So, where shall we start from?ThanksToyin
On Fri, Sep 16, 2022, 00:52 Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com> wrote:
it seems the biafran command's management of biafran civilians as well as their response to the issues around food relief need serious scrutiny.there is a need for rounded narratives.toyin
On Thu, 15 Sept 2022 at 21:20, Salimonu Kadiri <ogunl...@hotmail.com> wrote:
If there had been war tribunal after the civil war, Ojukwu and others would have been convicted of war crimes for taking civilian hostages and refusing to accept relief supplies to non-combatants. In Nigeria where everything is up-side-down and people think with the heart and not the brain, the defeated in a war want to put the victor on trial for genocide because the defeated who took civilian hostages (both elderly women, men and children) that they could not feed by themselves but refused to accept food through supervised corridors, starved to death. While I have no reason to defend the Queen of UK, I am told that Queen Elisabeth II's government supported Gowon to commit genocide against the Igbo. What is the evidence for that? Chidi somersaulted backwards referring to "photos from Her Majesty Queen Elisabeth II's credible independent BBC of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkor Biafran children. Human head is not a hat shelf, it contains brain to think.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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Dear Chidi,
In my humble view, in all such circumstances, it is preferable that instead of lambasting our dearly departed Her Majesty who you refer to as “ the British Queen”, at this very time you could be more circumspect and more considerate by referring to the proper decision-making authority, as the case may be - either the British Government or the Foreign Office.
N.B. The British monarch is not some kind of dictator, some kind of Ozymandias sitting on the throne or merely rubber-stamping decisions about war and peace. Is that how you think that the second world war was pursued for instance, as a direct conflict between the Führer und Reichskanzlerand King George VI?
At secondary school for A levels, we studied the British Empire during the reign of Queen Victoria. - and at a later period, the state of the English Language and its Literature, during the so-called Victorian era and did not get any impression of decrees coming from the throne and not from the British Parliament - including the War Office and of course the Old Colonial Office.
Did Emeka Anyaoku bring up these matters before, during or after the period 1990 - 2000 when he was Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, 1990 - 2000, and if so, exactly how did such discussions go?
Crudely put, the persistent rumour that sought to explain what looked like Britain's ambivalence before, during and after the Biafra war was that massive oil deposits had been discovered in the region being claimed as Biafra and of course that also brought up the spectre of who was going to be in charge of all that oil and its proceeds, who would better serve British interests, landlocked Biafra or the Federal Government of Nigeria?
Of possible interest to some of the pundits on this thread:
Monarchy, British Espionage, Fabianism & Esoteric Imperial History Vs Jay Dyer
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's QuoteSalimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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Chidi,
Death is the ultimate death of all human beings and while talking about the death we should absolutely refrain from telling lies against the dead, remembering that one day we too are going to die. What Awolowo actually said was published in the London Financial Times of June 26, 1969 and recited in the London Daily Telegraph of June 27, 1969, which is as follows: ALL IS FAIR IN WAR AND STARVATION IS ONE OF THE WEAPONS OF WAR. I DO NOT SEE WHY WE SHOULD FEED OUR ENEMIES FAT IN ORDER FOR THEM TO FIGHT US HARDER. The statement was in reaction to the widely publicised statement by the International Red Cross at the time that Colonel Joe Achuzie led Biafran soldiers were not only raiding relief stations in Biafra and seizing food but also hijacking incoming relief supplies meant for Biafran civilians to feed soldiers. Obviously, Awolowo's statement was not a government's policy statement directed at unarmed civilian Biafrans but against Biafran soldiers. Remember that Awolowo's statement was made almost a year after Ojukwu had rejected Gowon's offer of international supervised land relief supply routes from Nigeria to Biafra (see Chinua Achebe's, There Was a Country, p. 211). The statement was also made 26 days after Ojukwu's June 1, 1969 Ahiara declaration in which he condemned Biafrans for slaughtering cows to Christen their new-born babies and throwing parties at weekends while the war was ongoing. With the above evidence you are guilty of deliberately quoting Awolowo wrongly (starvation is a legitimate instrument of war) and mischievously omitting part of the statement which indicated clearly that the Biafran Army was Awolowo's target for starvation and not the civilian population.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 17 September 2022 17:19
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 12 September 2022 09:48
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"All IS FAIR IN WAR AND STARVATION IS ONE OF THE WEAPONS OF WAR. I DO NOT SEE WHY WE SHOULD FEED OUR ENEMIES FAT IN ORDER FOR THEM TO FIGHT US HARDER"
The above is even more horrific than the one you labelled the misquoted version. Is all really fair in war? Should all be fair in war? These questions are of course for men and women of conscience.Awolowo wanted to stop Biafran soldiers from hijacking relief materials and ended up killing many children and the elderly and that is right?Mazi Cornelius,The organs you referenced were/are all appendages of "Her Majesty's government".-CAO
Chidi,
Death is the ultimate death of all human beings and while talking about the death we should absolutely refrain from telling lies against the dead, remembering that one day we too are going to die. What Awolowo actually said was published in the London Financial Times of June 26, 1969 and recited in the London Daily Telegraph of June 27, 1969, which is as follows: ALL IS FAIR IN WAR AND STARVATION IS ONE OF THE WEAPONS OF WAR. I DO NOT SEE WHY WE SHOULD FEED OUR ENEMIES FAT IN ORDER FOR THEM TO FIGHT US HARDER. The statement was in reaction to the widely publicised statement by the International Red Cross at the time that Colonel Joe Achuzie led Biafran soldiers were not only raiding relief stations in Biafra and seizing food but also hijacking incoming relief supplies meant for Biafran civilians to feed soldiers. Obviously, Awolowo's statement was not a government's policy statement directed at unarmed civilian Biafrans but against Biafran soldiers. Remember that Awolowo's statement was made almost a year after Ojukwu had rejected Gowon's offer of international supervised land relief supply routes from Nigeria to Biafra (see Chinua Achebe's, There Was a Country, p. 211). The statement was also made 26 days after Ojukwu's June 1, 1969 Ahiara declaration in which he condemned Biafrans for slaughtering cows to Christen their new-born babies and throwing parties at weekends while the war was ongoing. With the above evidence you are guilty of deliberately quoting Awolowo wrongly (starvation is a legitimate instrument of war) and mischievously omitting part of the statement which indicated clearly that the Biafran Army was Awolowo's target for starvation and not the civilian population.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: 17 September 2022 17:19
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 15 September 2022 06:03
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
"What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra..."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so much for presentation of "facts".
"In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces."-Salimonu Kadiri.
Remark: so the photos, etc, from credible independent sources(BBC and others)of deaths from the bombings of civilian residential areas, markets, hospitals, schools and those of kwashiorkored Biafran children, etc, are all fake?
Chidi,
I am not a professional word-twister like the usual Nigerian lawyers who contrary to mathematical truth would insist that two-third of nineteen is twelve. War is cruel and that is why in war innocent civilians always perish. Nigeria-Biafra war could not have been different from that phenomenon even though more people died on the side of Biafra than Nigeria. Concerning Nigeria/Biafra war, it would have been intellectually honest if you have elaborated on what constituted half-truths and out of context postulations in my submission as you claimed. You will always have problem if you read the history of Nigeria/Biafra war the way you want it to be and not as it actually happened. If I may ask, on what basis are you talking of 'the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration?' What happened was not a military blockade but military encirclement of Biafra, reduced into a small enclave after the Nigerian forces had captured Nsukka - July 1967; Bonny Island - July 1967; Ikom a key town on Biafra's border with Cameroon - September 1967; Enugu - October 1967; Calabar - October 1967; Afikpo, Ugep, Ediba, Itigidi and Obubra - February 1968; Ikot Ekpene - March 1968; Port Harcourt - May 1968; Aba and Owerri - September 1968. In every town and village captured by the Federal forces, Ojukwu saw to it that civilians were forcibly evacuated with the retreating Biafran forces. As at September 1968, only Umuahia was controlled by Biafran forces and it was that September 1968 when starvation broke out in the Umuahia enclave that Ojukwu dispatched a Biafran delegate to France to solicit for more weapons to continue the war. On 7 September 1968, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Dr Michael Okpara, Dr Kenneth Dike and Francis Nwokedi leading Biafran weapon negotiators arrived in Paris. With the military situation in Biafra, France thought it was useless to increase delivery of arms to Biafra. Consequently, Azikiwe advised that Biafra should enter into peace negotiation with Nigeria, which Ojukwu rejected. Thereafter, Azikiwe absconded from the delegate and sought political asylum in England. That same September 1968, Gowon's government offered to open supervised land routes of relief supplies to Biafra which Ojukwu rejected, according to Chinua Achebe. While you in 2022 is inventing a history of genocide supposedly committed by Nigeria against the Igbo in the 6th July 1967 to 15th January 1970 civil war, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, the Biafran leader, addressed the Eastern Consultative Assembly in December 1968 saying that, "OUR REAL VICTORY LIES IN OUR ABILITY TO PREVENT THE EXTERMINATION OF OUR PEOPLE BY A HEARTLESS ENEMY. IN SO FAR AS THESE AIMS ARE CONCERNED, WE HAVE NOT FAILED (Biafra: Ojukwu's Selected Speeches, Vol. 1, p. 353)." Ojukwu prevented genocide by going to war, he claimed. Please Chidi, take note that fact is sacrosanct while fiction is a practical joke.S. Kadiri
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Chidi Anthony Opara, FIIM, CDOA <chidi...@gmail.com>
Sent: 14 September 2022 06:34
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Today's Quote
Salimonu,
I, of course expected your usual inclination to denialism in the matter under reference and your usual presentation of half truths and out of context postulations as "facts".
This is not about sophistry and/or rhetorics, it is about civilian lives(flesh and blood), especially that of children and the elderly lost in great numbers as a result of the blockade of foods and medications supply routes to Biafra by the Gowon administration with the support of Queen Elizabeth II's government and the inappropriate actions of the reckless and ruthless Nigerian Airforce pilots and army commanders.
It is too early to revise the history of Nigerian civil war. It is a pure revisionism of history to state, "The Aburi agreement by Ojukwu and Gowon would have stopped the civil war through which the genocide was executed but Britain prevailed on Gowon to renege." The Aburi agreement was not between Ojukwu and Gowon. The Aburi Nigeria's Supreme Military Council meeting held in Ghana on January 4-5, 1967, was attended by the following people : Lt-Col. Yakubu Gowon, Colonel Robert Adebayo, Lt-Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Lt-Col. David Ejoor, Lt-Col. Hassan Katsina; Commodore J.E.A. Wey, Major Mobolaji Johnson, Alhaji Kam Salem, and Mr. T. Omo-Bare. Secretaries at the meeting were, Mr S.I.A Akenzua - Permanent Under-Secretary, Federal Cabinet Office; Mr P.T. Odumosu - Secretary to the Military Government, Western Region; Mr N.U. Akpan - Secretary to the Military Government, Eastern Region; Mr D.P. Lawani - Under Secretary, Military Governor's Office, Mid-West Region; and Alhaji Ali Akilu - Secretary to the Military Government, Northern Region. The Nigerian Supreme Military Council meeting in Aburi was necessitated because Ojukwu as a member refused to attend any such meeting in Nigeria after July 29, 1966 coup that toppled the military government of Ironsi.
Contrary to Chidi Anthony Opara's claim, the Aburi agreement was fully implemented through Decree No.8 of March 1967 with an addition that the Federal Military Government could declare a State of Emergency in any part of the Federation provided three of the four regional governors consented to it. Three of the regional governors then, were in the South. Ojukwu rejected Decree No.8 in its entirety and on May 26, 1967, he convened his so-called Eastern Consultative Assembly which he addressed and gave three alternatives to choose from. The alternatives were: (i) accepting the terms of the North and Gowon and thereby submit to domination by the North, or (ii) continue the present stalemate and drift, or (iii) ensuring the survival of our people by asserting our autonomy. Ojukwu assured his audience that the East was prepared to defend itself and that, "There is no power in this country or in Black Africa to subdue us by force." On 27 May 1967, the Eastern Consultative Assembly unanimously passed a resolution mandating Ojukwu to declare the sovereign Republic of Biafra. That same day, Gowon declared a State of Emergency throughout the whole country, abrogated Decree No. 8 and divided the country into twelve new states. May 30, 1967, Ojukwu unilaterally declared the Eastern Region as a Republic of Biafra. On 6 July 1967, police action to arrest Ojukwu and his rebellious gang was initiated by the federal government led by Gowon.
Chidi Anthony Opara asserted, "Genocide was however conceived and executed when it became difficult to defeat Biafra through police action as initially hoped by Gowon and his advisers." Chidi's assertion is fictional. It was after the invasion of Mid-West by the Biafran Forces on 9 August 1967 that the Federal Government changed its police action to total war. Towards the end of September 1967, the entire Biafran troops had been expunged from the Mid-West and on October 4, 1967, the Capital of Biafra was captured by troops led by, the then, Major Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma. Ojukwu fled to Umuahia. With the capture of Enugu, the Federal Government had hoped that Ojukwu would renounce secession but he stubbornly continued the war from his new capital Umuahia which was captured on 22 April 1969. So, the proclamation of total war instead of the original police action by the Federal Government had nothing to do with conceived genocide and difficulty to defeat Biafra but invasion of the Mid-West in 1967.
"Aside from the deliberate bombing of hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas," Chidi wrote, "genocide denialists do not see the blockade of food and medical supply routes to the Biafra Area by the Gowon administration..." In the anal of history of war, Nigeria is the only country in the world that has ever invited International Observers to follow her soldiers at the war front and to report on the behaviour of her combatants. A government that wanted to commit genocide would not have invited international observers to come and witness it. After visiting Nigeria on August 17, 1969, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe returned to London where he had taken refuge after absconding from the Biafran delegation to Paris in September 1968. On 28 August 1969, Dr Azikiwe addressed the press and said among other things, "Knowing that the accusation of genocide is palpably false, ........ why should some people continue to fool our people to believe that they are slated for slaughter, when we know that they suffer mental anguish and physical agony as a result of their being homeless and their places of abode having been desolated by war and their lives rendered helpless? (p. 255, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story by Philip Effiong)." Ojukwu himself that led Igbo into the war was asked by Barnaby Phillips in a BBC interview, 13 January 2000, titled, 'Biafra: Thirty Years On', if he, Ojukwu, felt responsible for the Biafran war? Ojukwu answered rhetorically, "Responsibility for what went on? How can I feel responsible in a situation in which I put myself out AND SAVED THE PEOPLE FROM GENOCIDE? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm
Ojukwu said he saved the Igbo from genocide by going to war and Chidi is still claiming in 2022 that genocide was committed against the Igbo in the same war between 1967 and 1970 in Nigeria, who should we believe? The music of Nigeria/Biafra war stopped on 15 January 1970, but some deaf Nigerians not hearing that the war music has stopped are still dancing.
In his swansong, 'There Was a Country,' Chinua Achebe wrote that by rainy season of 1968, Biafra was completely surrounded and Biafrans were harboured in a narrow corridor around Umuahia (p. 209). By the beginning of dry season of 1968, Biafran civilians and soldiers alike were starving, Chinua Achebe wrote on p. 210. Thereafter, on p. 211, Chinua Achebe revealed, "The diplomatic battles had reached a fever pitch by the middle of 1968. Gowon, under immense international pressure .... decided to open up land routes for a supervised transport of relief. To the consternation of Gowon, Ojukwu opted out of land routes in favour of increased airlifts of food from São Tomé by international relief agencies." The international relief agencies could equally inspect food supplies from Nigeria through many of the land routes entering the surrounded Biafran enclave. It was plain that Ojukwu wanted to airlift weapons, out of the sight of Nigerian authorities, and not food into Biafra. That there was no scarcity of food in Biafra, Ojukwu in his 1st of June 1969 Ahiara Declaration complained that while the war was ongoing, people were throwing parties and slaughtering cows to Christen their new born babies. Obviously, in the Igbo cast system, Diala Igbo inside Biafra were not starving but the inferior Osu/Ohu-Igbo and non-Igbo ethnic minorities forcibly evacuated into Biafra.
Chidi Anthony Okpara claimed that the Nigerian forces bombed hospitals, schools, markets and civilian residential areas deliberately during the civil war but he failed to acknowledge that the Biafran forces converted hospitals, schools, markets and residential areas to military barracks from where they were firing rockets at the Nigerian forces. Against the rule of engagement, armed Biafran soldiers wore red-cross uniform to attack Nigerian forces, to which Benjamin Adekunle protested in 1968. Chinua Achebe narrated his personal experience about the Biafran forces taking shield behind civilian homes and public institutions to attack the Nigerian Army. On p. 172-173 of his, There Was a Country, Achebe wrote, "We had gone to bed on one particular night - my family, Augustine and his family, and Frank and his family. WE DID NOT REALISE THAT BIAFRAN SOLDIERS HAD SET UP THEIR ARMORY OUTSIDE MY FATHER'S HOUSE, ON THE VERANDA, THE PORCH, AND OUTSIDE IN THE YARD. .... On this particular night we were oblivious to what was going on outside our father's house. While we were sleeping the Biafran army was turning our ancestral home into a military base of sorts. No one asked us for permission. They did not knock to ask or to inform. In hindsight, what happened next was enough to have caused sudden cardiac arrest in some people. We all were awakened violently from sleep by a loud ka-boom, followed by the rattling of the house foundation and walls, indeed of the entire house. A number of people who were asleep fell off their beds, violently ushered back into reality by the vibrations, the shock, and the noise of the artillery fire outside. The men in the house went outside to find out what was going on. A COLONEL WHO WAS IN CHARGE OF THIS EXERCISE EXPLAINED THAT THEY HAD DECIDED TO USE OUR HOME AS A TACTICAL BASE BECAUSE IT PROVIDED THEM A LOGISTICAL AND STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE AS THEY SHELL THE ENCROACHING FEDERAL TROOPS." Would the Nigerian Army have committed any crime by bombing Achebe's ancestral home from where Biafran forces was shelling Nigerian forces? That is the question those who have capacity to tell lies with cosmetic beauty will never ask and much less answering it.S. Kadiri
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