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Please be cautious: **External Email**
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
Please be cautious: **External Email**
Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies (14 August 1937 – 12 April 2020)[1][2][3] was a British author and retired submarine lieutenant-commander who has written books promoting claims that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. Historians have rejected Menzies' theories and assertions[4][5][6][7][8] and have categorised his work as pseudohistory.[9][10][11]
He was best known for his controversial book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, in which he asserts that the fleets of Chinese Admiral Zheng He visited the Americas prior to European explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492, and that the same fleet circumnavigated the globe a century before the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan. Menzies' second book, 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance extended his discovery hypothesis to the European continent. In his third book, The Lost Empire of Atlantis, Menzies claims that Atlantis did exist, in the form of the Minoan Civilization, and that it maintained a global seaborne empire extending to the shores of America and India, millennia before actual contact in the Age of Discovery.
From Journal of World History
How Not to (Re)Write World History: Gavin Menzies and the Chinese Discovery of America Robert Finlay
From Columbia College of Arts and Sciences, with a rich discussion thread
''Even the most devoted supporter of Leonardo (like my family and I!) must surely wonder whether his work’s amazing similarity to Chinese engineering could be the product of coincidence. Whether Leonardo appreciated it or not, he was surrounded by evidence of the Chinese impact on the Renaissance. However, that is a far cry from claiming that Leonardo copied existing Chinese inventions. One thing we can be sure of, Leonardo did not meet anyone from Zheng He’s fleets when they visited Florence in 1434. So it appeared the similarities noted above were due to an extraordinary series of coincidences.''
Reuters Summation of Menzies Leonardo Thesis and Compilation of Responses from Leonardo Science/Art
Scholar Martin Kemp and History Scholars
Columbus debunker sets sights on Leonardo da Vinci
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