Ugh, very frustrating. No joy. Completely removed docker-engine 1.12.3 and its dependencies (apt-get purge --auto-remove docker-engine), and re-installed it. Exactly the same result.
I then installed a fresh copy of Ubuntu 16.04 inside VirtualBox and installed docker in that and tried the same thing. Same result. I tried running the "docker run" command both with and without "sudo": same in each case.
Johannes, please could you confirm what version of Ubuntu and Docker you tested? I am willing to try doing exactly what you did, if it helps.
This is how I installed the VirtualBox VM Ubuntu 16.04:
- 64-bit, 2 GB RAM, 2 CPUs
- Acceleration: VT-x/AMD-V, Nested Paging, KVM Paravirtualization
- Network: 1 adapter, NAT, Paravirtualized
- Used an Ubuntu 16.04 default installation VM image, originally from 'osboxes.com', with a few changes (install Virtualbox Guest Additions, remove large apps, change username, preferences, etc.).
- Ubuntu software in this image was last updated in July 2016.
This is how I installed Docker inside the VM:
- I followed https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/ubuntulinux/
- - The "sudo docker run hello-world" test works fine.
- Of the "Optional configurations":
- - I created a docker group; then "docker run hello-world" works fine without sudo.
- - I didn't adjust memory and swap accounting
- - I didn't enable UFW forwarding
- - I didn't configure a DNS server (it doesn't seem to need changing)
- - I didn't configure docker to start on boot (it seems to be set up by the installation anyway)
$ uname -a
Linux osboxes 4.4.0-28-generic #47-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jun 24 10:09:13 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
I just hope I can learn something from this experience that we can then document to help other people.