As I tried to point out during all the hyperventilating during the Brian Williams affair, this kind of thing is not related to honesty, or even to memory impairment. This is the predictable and expected outcome of the normal processes underlying human memory. This particular phenomenon is referred to as Source Confusion. Tom correctly remembers the story, but has forgotten the source of the story. Once those two things get disconnected, we lose the ability to accurately evaluate or contextualizing the memory, and sometimes, as wrong as it is, it still subjectively feels real.
When I was teaching I would call this the National Enquirer effect, because it is not uncommon for people to casually see a headline in the NE while standing in the checkout line, and later, regardless of how outlandish, report it as true to their friends, because they had forgotten where they had read it.
This is why, in formal communication, we should always check the source and not rely on subjective memory. Confidence in a memory is independent of accuracy. But I’m not sure we hold raconteurs on late night talk shows quite to that standard.
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