You have too many brackets and braces... within filter syntax, there are three ways to specify a value, using brackets, chevrons and braces, like this:
[Tuesday] is a constant literal text value
<variable> retrieves the value of a variable currently in scope
{TextReference} retrieves the value from a text reference
Think of the brackets, chevrons and braces as different kinds of quotes that indicate how the enclosed content should be handled. This is similar to the way wikitext syntax uses [[...]] for literal links, {{TextReference}} for transclusion, and <<macroname>> for variables/macros. Note however that the filter syntax uses *single* brackets, chevrons, and braces, while the wikitext syntax uses *doubled* brackets, chevrons, and braces.
Thus, starting with your first example: