Hi Darek,
I can reply very shortly to this I'm afraid : no.
The filter parameter in Leaflet map plugin was only designed for tiddlers. And I guess that filter in TiddlyWiki was not designed for such complex json neither. May be Joshua's JSON mangler plugin can help? I do not know them enough to say.
As a workaround, you may convert your json data to tiddlers with an external script, import them and then use filter.
Cheers,
Sylvain
@sycom