• Anyone with a Solid bottom board should have the hive "tipped
forward" (back an inch higher than the front)
so that any water finding its way in will dribble out the front.
• Screen bottom boards should be set up not to accumulate water
either.
(We don't bother with a slider under the hive because there's very
little turbulence
to push cold air up to the brood ball. The bottom bars block the
wind pretty well. )
• "Awnings" over the entrance should make for happier bees not
landing in puddles.
(You might be able to make them out of shingle flashing bent a bit
so water drips off the front edge.)
• Our guest speaker last Tuesday was Michael Bush who noted that we
don't have winter here.
Our bees forage most days, and don't do a brood break. Hives aren't
surrounded by snow.
• If all surfaces of the hive are 3/4" material, half the heat leaks
out of the top of the hive
(conduction through the top cover and radiation to space) So the
big Win is insulating the top of the hive.
I use a slab of styrofoam™ under either a telescoping cover or an
inverted full-sheet baking pan.
(full sheet pans are $8 at business-costco, and that's a lot cheaper
than a telescoping cover)
(Bees will chew on styrofoam, so it needs something chew-proof under
it like plywood.)
Only if you have a 5 knot wind blowing at the front/side of the hive
all the time will you perhaps need a wind-break.
Hives in walled/sheltered back yards won't suffer much wind-chill.

Where do you think the bees are?
The two near the camera are active colonies that busily forage
during the day.
You can kinda make out the bottom-boards (blue) under the green
facing to the left.
The one behind them is a dead-out this fall. It didn't get a new
queen this summer.
Remember to "heft" the back of the hive every week or two to see how
they're honey reserves are holding up.
If a hive gets light, or if the foraging activity drops way off,
it's best to investigate.
You do your Winter-Beekeeping in October by right-sizing hives, and
setting them all up with the right amount
of stored honey. The setting up includes insulating the top if
that's a thing you feel you need, and awnings
if you feel the bees need them.
If you're only thinking about this now, you're way late.
That's my 2¢