For me the errors came from some debris in the training
directory, and "make clean" in that directory took care of it.
Here's a way to compile Tesseract on Ubuntu, while still
using the packaging system. It will get you the training tools.
sudo apt-get build-dep tesseract-ocr
sudo apt-get install devscripts
dget http://http.debian.net/debian/pool/main/t/tesseract/tesseract_3.03.03-1.dsc
tar xvzf tesseract_3.03.03.orig.tar.gz
cd tesseract-3.03
zcat ../tesseract_3.03.03-1.diff.gz | patch -p1
debuild -us -uc
cd ..
sudo dpkg -i *.deb