Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants

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joanna campe

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Feb 20, 2018, 11:52:39 AM2/20/18
to Renaud de RICHTER, Thomas Goreau, David J Beerling, Soil Age, David Yarrow, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Albert Bates, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk

A Note

If the moderator could take away my last comment, I would really appreciate it. I apologize for jumping in before I was ready. Please refer to this comment instead on behalf of RTE.


Hi Tom and everyone,


There is so much I would like to say and share, and for the last week in Brazil, I've been bogged down with issues around my internet, computer and dictation program which I rely on. I have been wanting to take a leap and jump onto the list serve since the discussion began between Tom and Paul Hawken.


Thank you so much for your comment, Tom, and I really appreciate David Yarrow and Steve Diver’s responses. About a week ago I felt a strong need to speak further about remineralization within this listserv as a pioneer of regenerative agriculture.


I also wanted to mention the importance of the relationship between agroecology and remineralization, particularly in Brazil. Remineralization within the context of agroecology and agrogeology has taken on an important role in Brazil through agroecology practices, scientific research, policymaking and the emergence of rock dust companies regulated through two new laws, which have been passed through Congress. In Brazil about 70% of fertilizers are currently imported and there is a large movement to facilitate the strategy of remineralization to restore soils, so that Brazil can become more energy independent and sustainable through utilizing regional sources of rock dust.



Brazil and Agrogeology

There are about 80 studies from the field of agrogeology in our research database on the website. We have about 100 studies from recent conferences that need to be translated. There is a tremendous amount of ongoing research in Brazil through EMBRAPA (similar to our USDA) at 12 locations and through the universities. Unfortunately we do not currently have a coordinator for the database for English studies and research at this time. This means that even studies of Dr. Goreau and myself have not even been uploaded into the database:

https://remineralize.org/publications/.


While in Brazil, I will be meeting with the World Agroforestry Centre around potential collaboration to put together a team that would be able to give workshops to communities in the post-hurricane Caribbean, Africa and elsewhere, based on the agroforestry model of Ernst Gotsch:

http://www.agendagotsch.com/


In this agroforestry model, only one initial application of rock dust is needed to grow all fruits and vegetables, coffee and cacao in one agroforestry system, with no outside inputs thereafter. This is the most inspiring agroforestry model that we have come across and will be advocating through RTE. Please see the documentary, From Garden to Forest:

https://vimeo.com/136423275



Cameroon

We are looking for funding for an ongoing and successful project in Cameroon, spearheaded by Dr. Valentine Nzengung, an environmental biochemistry professor at  Georgia State University, that produces a product called QwikGro for agriculture, which is a combination of biochar and rock dust. The rock dust is from the region of Mount Cameroon, a pyroclastic ash that is locally available. Food and Energy Security Cameroon (FESCAM), has a contract with the Cameroon Development Corporation and the demand for increased production is great. When we have funding for the project, we hope to ship an innovative small portable rock grinder to Cameroon that would greatly increase FESCAM’s output and production. Please take a look at both Part 1 and Part 2 of the Cameroon projects.



Tom Vanacore

As far as transitioning industrial farmers, Tom Vanacore and I were in Indiana in the fall and are looking to do trials in the future with industrial scale farmers. Tom has much more to say about this as well as research going on at the University of Illinois with the UK team, which is now focused on sequestering carbon with basalt. Imagine being able to remineralize the deltas to deacidify the oceans and what that would mean to the health of the oceans and our biosphere. This could be a large scale geotherapy strategy for sequestering carbon and deacidifying the oceans.



Soil Food Web – No Need for the Addition of Minerals?

I would greatly welcome Dan Kittredge’s input here as well. Dr. Elaine Ingham has declared that minerals are not necessary as an amendment for many years now and I would love to see that addressed in another discussion. There are many people out there combining compost teas and rock dust with amazing results, including Eco-Agro, a large farm cooperative in Mexico, which has a yearly conference:

http://ecoagrounpasomas.com/xiv-taller-internacional-de-agricultura-organica/


Please take a look at an older article in RTE:

https://remineralize.org/2012/03/rock-dust-mother-earths-milk-2060/



Denmark Researchers and Greenland’s Mud

Some soils have not been touched by glaciers and volcanic eruptions, or alluvial deposits or suffer from poor agricultural practices. At the University of Copenhagen, scientists are looking to see how they can transport the Greenland mud to the tropics. They hope to address social inequities and create food security in the South. For the most part, rich countries have rich soils and poor countries have poor soils. They have a great Ted Talk:

What the North can do for the Tropics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCupHgKGCcY.


RTE also has written an article about this:

Good News from the North: Greenland’s Glacial Mud could Remineralize the Tropics

https://remineralize.org/2017/07/good-news-from-the-north-greenlands-glacial-mud-could-remineralize-the-tropics/.


Also, you can find on their website, an in depth video on glacial rock dust:

Andreas de Neergard on Glacial Rock Dust

http://www.undergroundchannel.dk/andreas-de-neergaard-on-glacial-rock-dust



Remineralize the Earth

RTE has been able to accomplish a tremendous amount on a modest budget, working with about 20-30 volunteers on our project management system, Basecamp. It mainly consists of federal work study students from the five colleges, graduate students, scientists and other professionals. This year there is big focus on bringing larger funding to RTE, so that we can fulfill our mission on a large scale, with or without my leadership in the future.


For a green, remineralized and regenerated Earth,


Joanna




Joanna Campe
Executive Director
Remineralize the Earth
152 South Street
Northampton, MA 01060 USA 

Tel: 413-563-9938

Book
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase


On Tue, Feb 20, 2018 at 5:49 AM, Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear Thomas,
Four months ago I have searched bibliography of peer reviewed articles on mineral weathering performed at the same time than composting, or  mineral weathering performed at the same time making biochar and unfortunately I did not found anything.
Is there something new? Is there something older that I have missed? 
Best regards
Renaud


2018-02-20 14:38 GMT+01:00 Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>:
Dear Joanna,

You are completely right that enhanced mineral weathering needs to be placed in the context of soil fertility enhancement. 

Most reviews considered only physical chemical weathering, and found it required expensively fine ground powder to speed up. 

But biological weathering is orders of magnitude faster!

Especially when rock powder is mixed with biochar and compost and beneficial micro-organisms!

Integrating enhanced weathering with biochar and regenerating intense soil mineral recycling in regenerative agriculture and forestry and pasture is the way to draw down CO2 the fastest.

Best wishes,
Tom

Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin

On Feb 20, 2018, at 6:11 AM, Joanna Campe <joanna...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Tom and everyone,

Thank you so much for your comment! I really appreciate David's response, as well as Steve Diver. About a week ago I felt a strong need to speak further about placing remineralization within this listserv and  movement as a pioneer of regenerative agriculture. I also wanted to mention it's importance, acknowledge it's success particularly in Brazil in agroecology as well as the most sophisticated work from scientists and policymakers. Two laws have been passed through Congress.

There is so much I would like to say and share, and for the last week in Brazil, I've been having some internet and computer issues  and my dictation program which I rely on. I have been wanting to take a leap and jump into the discussion since the discussion began between Tom and Paul Hawken.

While I am here I will be meeting with the World Agroforestry Centre around collaboration and finding a team that could potentially  set up workshops in the post hurricane Caribbean, Africa and elsewhere based on the work of Ernst Gotsch. 

Only one application of rock dust or minerals is needed to jumpstart food forests that grow all fruits and vegetables, coffee and cacao in one system, with no outside inputs thereafter. It is the most inspiring agroforestry model that I have seen and we will be advocating through RTE. Please see the documentary, From Garden to Forest...

We are also looking for funding for a project in Cameroon that has a product called QuikGro that is a very highly successful   project using a combination of biotar and rock dust. The rock dust is from the area of Mount Cameroon, a pyroclastic ash that is locally available. We hope to send a new small portable innovative rock grinder when we have funding that would greatly increase the  output and their production. This project is headed up by a professor from the University of Georgia. Dr. Valentine Nzengung They have a contract with the Cameron Development Corporation and the demand for increased production is great.

We have a large collection of studies from Brazil in our research database on the website, unfortunately we do not have a coordinator for the English studies at this time. We have about 100 studies from recent conferences that need to be translated, but there is a tremendous amount of ongoing research in Brazil through EMBRAPA in 12 locations and the universities.

As far as industrial farming, Tom Vanacore and I were in Indiana in the fall and I think he would have a lot to share as well as the  research going on at the university of Illinois with the UK team which is now focused on sequestering carbon with basalt.  

I work with about 20-30 volunteers on a project management system, Basecamp: mainly graduate students, some scientists and other professionals. This year I hope to focus on bringing us larger funding to fulfill our mission.

I am not able to touch  in on everything we are working on here.

Dan Kittredge would be very welcome here in this discussion as well! Dr Ingram has mentioned that minerals are not necessary as an amendment for many years now and I would love to see that addressed  in another discussion. There are many people out there combining compost teas and rock dust, including a  large farm cooperative in Mexico that has a  yearly conference. There is a very large part of the earth not touched by glaciers and volcanic eruptions, etc. At the University of Copenhagen, scientists are looking to see how they can get the Greenland mud to the tropics to address social inequities and create food security. Rich countries have rich soils and poor countries have poor soils normally. They have a great Ted Talk, but without my computer I can't put the link here. Sorry, I don't want to get carried away, especially because I can't organize this very well on my iPhone and please forgive any editing that I was not able to do.

My very best to all of you! 

Joanna on iPhone

Joanna Campe, Executive Director
Remineralize the Earth
 

On Feb 20, 2018, at 9:04 AM, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net> wrote:

I don’t know why you are having this discussion without Joanna Campe of Remineralize the Earth, and Tom Vanacore of Rock Dust Local (both cc’d on this message), as all these aspects are discussed in detail in their web sites, and also in about half a dozen chapters in the Geotherapy book.

Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin

On Feb 19, 2018, at 10:38 PM, David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com> wrote:

On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 4:44 PM, Sev Clarke <sevc...@me.com> wrote:
Kevin,
This idea from David Yarrow to extract and use rock dust already produced by crushing operations seems much more of an economic and ecological goer than crushing new basaltic/silicate rock just for the purpose. I also like his idea of blending it with biochar, but would add manure to prevent/minimise both the former materials from blowing or being taken away by surface runoff, before spreading the mixture (preferably in aqueous form) over fields or ripping it into deeper soil for forestry and tree crop purposes. I am much less enthused with generating biochar from seaweed, as seaweed has many higher-value uses. There is enough low-grade terrestrial biomass, in the form of dirty bark, twigs and weed species, to generate large quantities of biochar using the energy-efficient and relatively non-polluting WHC process.
Sev 
William S. Clarke    BA, BSc, (Melb) MBA (Stanford)
T: +613 5426 1330                 M: 0431 488 506
Skype: willow7777777
P: PO Box 16, Mt Macedon, VIC 3441, Australia
Managing Director, Winwick Business Solutions Pty Ltd.

the name of the game is converting wastes into fertility.
that's the most broken part of the food circle.

blending manure & biochar is smart.
at one end, it minimizes odors.
at the other end, it inoculates with microbes, 
tho not necessarily the one you want in healthy soil, 
which is why "compost" was invented.
at any rate, manure is bacteria-based for digestion.
soil, at the least, needs a lot more fungi.

similarly, i agree there are better uses for seaweed that burnt into dense char.
preferred use for precious seaweed is as a powder to blend with the finished char, 
as a treat for microbes to move right in & start families.
not a lot of seaweed powder required: maybe at the 1 to 3% level, tops.

and then, if you wanna grow fungi & hyphae fast, 
add 1% fish meal + shrimp mael + crab meal.
finely ground to matching particle size, of course, for quick-draw fast results.
more full spectrum sea minerals packaged in amino acids & sugars, 
perfect to build microbial bodies like mycelium.
and yes, Nitrogen.
"Nitrogen is not a Nutrient, it's a Cycle"

~david

Begin forwarded message:
From: David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: 20 February 2018 at 11:09:09 am AEDT
To: "Ronal W. Larson" <rongre...@comcast.net>, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

GLAD TO SEE NATURE FEATURES A FEW SENTENCES ABOUT SOIL REGENERATION WITH CARBON, MINERALS & MICROBES.
i hope the rest of the article paints more of this complex picture.
one of my focuses is on magma rocks.

these extra-dense igneous bedrocks consist of primary crystalline elements in simple, unreacted states.
these dense, freshly-fractured rocks have never been exposed to air, water & weathering.
many contain reactive elements that react with CO2 to form carbonates.
first, first fixes carbon.
second, this changes soil chemistry.
third, this buffers pH to stabilize +/- charge balances
then these rocks deliver other essential nutrients 
-- especially trace elements, most uniquely, rare earth elements.

this carbon-fixing potential of basalt & other magma rocks got significant scientific attention recently.
the solution has been made to drill deep holes into basalt, then pump CO2 in the holes.
somewhere i have 2 or 3 science reports on this research.
might even have a research paper from scandanavia.
a good idea, but not especially bright, effective or efficient.

currently in the US  hundreds of quarries are blasting & crushing magma into aggregate.
much of it ends up in concrete, which is carbon positive CO2 emitter.
most quarries have a byproduct of mineral fines that pass through the last set of screens
-- usually 200 mesh, above that is fine sand.
this dust, if blended with biochar, and added to soil, 
will dramatically boost microbe activity, nutrient mobility, plant growth & carbon fixation.
and sharply cut the NPK carbon-positive fertilizers a farmer needs to get a crop.

if this is done even more intelligently, farmers can transition away from chemical fertilizers 
-- and all the ecological catastrophes these chemicals are creating.

i've been doing, talking & writing this for nigh on 3 decades.
still, most folks 1) don't care, 2) don't believe it/me, 3) dispute the facts, 4) insist on scientific research.
even the local biochar producer down the road is not paying attention, 
or forming a plan to get into the action.

meanwhile, within the hour, a truck will arrive at ar out farm 
with the last 2 of over 14 tons of ultrafine glacial gravel dust.
now i gotta be sure as much as possible gets in farm soils before this spring.

for a green & peaceful planet,
david yarrow
Begin forwarded message:

From: Ronal W. Larson <rongre...@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: February 19, 2018 at 3:56:44 PM MST
To: John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>
Cc: David Yarrow <dya...@nycap.rr.com>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

John,  cc Greg and list,  adding 2 new ccs

See inserts below.


On Feb 19, 2018, at 3:37 PM, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Greg,

I just saw James Hansen has just published a paper on rock crushing as well!  I've not had time to read it.

http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2018/20180219_RockDustInFarming_NewsRelease.pdf

[RWL:   I haven't found a free copy yet.  Hope someone can send.


Perhaps we need to combine rock crushing with biochar which may be obtained in the necessary large quantities by pyrolysis of marine biomass, e.g. from kelp farms.
Ron, has the biochar community considered obtaining biomass from the sea and/or combining biochar with crushed rock? farms.  

[RWL:  There are two (at least) active in combined rock dust and biochar (they being cc’d):  David Yarrow and Tom Goreau.  Both have reported success.
Michael Hayes has been very strong on this list re biochar from ocean biomass.  I am unaware anyone doing ocean-based biochar commercially - but it seems likely that is happening.

Ron
Cheers, John


On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 6:02 PM, Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net> wrote:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-018-0108-y

“The magnitude of future climate change could be moderated by immediately reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere as a result of energy generation and by adopting strategies that actively remove CO2 from it. Biogeochemical improvement of soils by adding crushed, fast-reacting silicate rocks to croplands is one such CO2-removal strategy. This approach has the potential to improve crop production, increase protection from pests and diseases, and restore soil fertility and structure. Managed croplands worldwide are already equipped for frequent rock dust additions to soils, making rapid adoption at scale feasible, and the potential benefits could generate financial incentives for widespread adoption in the agricultural sector. However, there are still obstacles to be surmounted. Audited field-scale assessments of the efficacy of CO2 capture are urgently required together with detailed environmental monitoring. A cost-effective way to meet the rock requirements for CO2 removal must be found, possibly involving the recycling of silicate waste materials. Finally, issues of public perception, trust and acceptance must also be addressed.”


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Steve Diver

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Feb 20, 2018, 12:48:37 PM2/20/18
to soil...@googlegroups.com, Renaud de RICHTER, Thomas Goreau, David J Beerling, Soil Age, David Yarrow, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Albert Bates, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling,R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
Greetings Joanne -

I'll read this more completely later, but let's be clear that Elaine Ingham's statement, paraphrased, that the "right soil biology" can make every mineral available form any soil in the world" -- implying that you need more compost and compost tea and that amending with sulfur, copper, and minerals is harmful -- is wishful thinking, IMO.

While this goes over very well with the Permaculture Voices crowd, I am surprised that the soil health crowd buys into this.

I taught a soil mineralization class at the recent TOFGA (Texas) conference and was happy to see that in a room full of working farmers, *nobody* bought the "soil biology provides all" notion.

Mineral depletion in our food supply was recognized by the early pioneers of eco-agriculture in the 1930s onwards (e.g., Charles Northen).  Recognizing the importance of minerals in crop metabolism, plant health, livestock health, and human health has been part of alternative agriculture for decades.  Two of the famous eco-agriculture pioneers (Carey Reams, MD and Maynard Murray, MD) launched into agricultural research and consulting to grow nutrient dense foods -- based on soil testing and soil / foliar mineralization schemes -- to heal their patients. 

Minerals are important cofactors in enzyme reactions, electron transport, oxidation-reduction, membrane functions, DNA function, etc

Simultaneously, there is indeed a rich history of soil biology, mycorrhizae, and humus management in alternative agriculture and eco-agriculture. 

The key concept and practical application is the "integration" of minerals and biology to work together. 

The good thing is that farmers have many options in the soil biology and mineral supplementation toolbox to promote soil health and nutrient dense foods.

We need all of the above to turn tide.

Steve Diver


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Joanna Campe

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Feb 20, 2018, 1:19:43 PM2/20/18
to soil...@googlegroups.com, Renaud de RICHTER, Thomas Goreau, David J Beerling, David Yarrow, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Albert Bates, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling,R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
Hi everyone,

I still don't have my dictation program working, so it's hard to respond properly here.

There are millions of tons of rock dust available as a byproduct, it's the most abundant resource on Earth. The cost is in the transportation.There are so many amazing techniques out there which can incorporate or combine with rock dust, where it's application is practical. For Brazil, it's going to be immensely practical. Sea minerals on the coast should be given great consideration.

As David and Steve point out the toolbox is immense and diverse as biology. All we have to do is open up to this almost infinite and co-creative potential.

What I love about the work of Ernst Gotsch is that it is not a formula, more of an atunement  to the place, community and biolog and passing on his wisdom through 30 years. The closer we come to imitating the earth's natural cycles and processes, the better.

If you look at the videos from Brazil on our website, on one you will see a "recipe" for  small family farms using what they have available and it's a tremendously wide range of ingredients. The farmers refer to it as "independence" fertilizer, because they are breaking the dependence on chemical fertilizers.

The farmer to farmer approach of agroecology gets farmers back in touch with their land again and the Innate wisdom that arises out of that deeper connection.









Joanna on iPhone

Joanna Campe, Executive Director
Remineralize the Earth
152 South Street
Northampton, MA 01060 USA
 

Albert Bates

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Feb 22, 2018, 10:26:28 AM2/22/18
to Thomas Goreau, Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, Soil Age, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
Tom, et al.

This thread did not include me when it began but I gather by the subject
line it mentioned James Hansen's latest. The journal of publication does
not allow the common practice of authors paying additional page charge
for open access, but they do allow free viewing (no downloading) of the
article: http://rdcu.be/HlCp

Answering Renaud's earlier question the article says:

"Co-deployment of enhanced weathering with other strategies such as
reforestation and afforestation, and with feedstock crops used in BECCS
and biochar, could also reduce costs and significantly enhance the
combined carbon sequestration potential of these methods."

This is an important theme which addresses the question of how to scale
all the geotherapies — with clever cascades they can be both carbon
negative (drawdown) and cash negative (profitable). My next book, due
out later this year from Chelsea Green, Carbon Cascades, describes about
90 of these processes in greater detail.

Cheers,

Albert


On 2018-02-22 09:15, Thomas Goreau wrote:
> We have used the Biorock marine electrolysis method for more than 42
> years to grow limestone structures of any size or shape in the sea.
>
> Besides being the only marine construction material that grows
> stronger with age and is self repairing if damaged, we also greatly
> increase the settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to
> environmental stresses of all marine organisms, so we keep whole
> ecosystems alive when they would die, and grow them back at record
> rates where there is no natural recovery (we also grow back severely
> eroded beaches in a few months).
>
> We also produce large amounts of limestone sand by accelerating growth
> of calcareous algae.
>
> The book is mainly about work on restoring coral reefs, but also
> contains chapters showing that we greatly increase seagrass and salt
> marsh growth both above and below ground, so we can grow them where
> all other methods of restoration fail, due to the plants being washed
> out by waves before their roots grow.
>
> We are planning to use the method to restore mangroves in Borneo and
> plan to quantify the carbo sequestration, as we think this will prove
> to be the most cost-effective carbon sink.
>
> Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
> President, Biorock Technology Inc.
> COORDINATOR, SOIL CARBON ALLIANCE
> COORDINATOR, UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
> SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES PARTNERSHIP IN NEW SUSTAINABLE
> TECHNOLOGIES
> 37 PLEASANT STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139
> gor...@bestweb.net
> www.globalcoral.org
> Skype: tomgoreau
> Tel: (1) 617-864-4226
>
> BOOKS:
>
> GEOTHERAPY: INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION, CARBON
> SEQUESTRATION, AND REVERSING CO2 INCREASE
> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
>
> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
>
> THE GREEN DISC, NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR A NEW FUTURE: INNOVATIVE METHODS
> FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
> http://www.greenthindisc.org
>
> NO ONE CAN CHANGE THE PAST, EVERYONE CAN CHANGE THE FUTURE
>
> WHEN LIES TRUMP TRUTH, THE DARK AGES BEGIN
>
>> On Feb 22, 2018, at 8:55 AM, Renaud de RICHTER
>> <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Thanks Thomas, I saw that in one of your books, almost all chapters
>> talk about REEFS OR MARINE RESTORATION BY Electrolysis, Electrically
>> Stimulated, Electrical Current Electrical Fields. Can you explain
>> in a few words how it works? I'm new in this topic and ignorant in
>> this field.
>> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration, Thomas J.
>> Goreau, Robert Kent TrenchReef Restoration Using SEAWATER
>> ELECTROLYSIS In Jamaica, Thomas J. Goreau and Wolf Hilbertz
>> ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED CORALS in Indonesia Reef Restoration
>> Projects Show Greatly Accelerated Growth Rates, _Jamaludin Jompa,
>> Suharto, Eka Marlina Anpusyahnur, Putra Nyoman Dwjja, Jobnico
>> Subagio, Ilham Alimin, Rosihan Anwar, Syarif Syamsuddin, Thri Heni
>> Utami Radiman, Heri Triyono, R. Ahmad Sue, and Nyoman
>> Soeyasa_Biorock Reef Restoration in Gili Trawangan, North Lombok,
>> Indonesia, Lalu Arifin Aria Bakti, Arben Virgota, Luh Putu Ayu
>> Damayanti, Thri Heni Utami Radiman, Ambar Retnowulan, Hernawati,
>> Abdus Sabil, and Delphine Robbe
>> ELECTRICAL CURRENT Stimulates Coral Branching and Growth in Jakarta
>> Bay, Neviaty P. Zamani, Khalid I. Abdallah, and Beginer Subhan
>> ELECTRICITY PROTECTS Coral from Overgrowth by an Encrusting Sponge
>> in Indonesia, Jens Nitzsche
>> Gorgonian Soft Corals Have Higher Growth and Survival in ELECTRICAL
>> FIELDS, Diannisa Fitri and M. Aspari Rachman
>> Suitability of Mineral Accretion as a Rehabilitation Method for
>> Cold-Water Coral Reefs, Susanna M. Strömberg, Tomas Lundälv, and
>> Thomas J. Goreau
>> Utilization of LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY to Stimulate Cultivation of
>> Pearl Oysters _Pinctada maxima _(Jameson), Prawita Tasya Karissa,
>> Sukardi, Susilo Budi Priyono, N. Gustaf F. Mamangkey, and Joseph
>> James Uel Taylor
>> Increased Oyster Growth and Survival Using Biorock Technology,
>> Nikola Berger, Mara Haseltine, J. T. Boehm, and Thomas J. Goreau
>> ELECTRICAL STIMULATION Increases Oyster Growth and Survival in
>> Restoration Projects, Jason Shorr, James Cervino, Carmen Lin, Rand
>> Weeks, and Thomas J. Goreau
>> Restoration of Seagrass Mats (_Posidonia oceanica_) with ELECTRICAL
>> STIMULATION, Raffaele Vaccarella and Thomas J. Goreau
>> ELECTRICAL FIELDS Increase Salt Marsh Survival and Growth and Speed
>> Restoration in Adverse Conditions, James Cervino, Dajana Gjoza,
>> Carmen Lin, Rand Weeks, and Thomas Goreau
>> Fish Postlarval Capture and Culture for Restoring Fisheries, Gilles
>> Lecaillon
>> Mariculture Potential of _Gracilaria _Species [Rhodophyta] in
>> Jamaican Nitrate-Enriched Back-Reef Habitats: Growth, Nutrient
>> Uptake, and Elemental Composition, Arlen Havenner Macfarlane
>> Sustainable Reef Design to Optimize Habitat Restoration, Mara G.
>> Haseltine
>> Marine Ecosystem ELECTROTHERAPY: Practice and Theory, _Thomas J.
>> Goreau_
>>
>> 2018-02-22 14:12 GMT+01:00 Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>:
>>
>> Most of the best work by soil fertility regenerators, like David
>> Yarrow, is not published in academic journals.
>>
>> Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
>> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
>> President, Biorock Technology Inc.
>> COORDINATOR, SOIL CARBON ALLIANCE
>> COORDINATOR, UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES PARTNERSHIP IN NEW SUSTAINABLE
>> TECHNOLOGIES
>> 37 PLEASANT STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139
>> gor...@bestweb.net
>> www.globalcoral.org [1]
>> Skype: tomgoreau
>> Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 [2]
>>
>> BOOKS:
>>
>> GEOTHERAPY: INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION, CARBON
>> SEQUESTRATION, AND REVERSING CO2 INCREASE
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392 [3]
>>
>> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734 [4]
>>
>> THE GREEN DISC, NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR A NEW FUTURE: INNOVATIVE
>> METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> http://www.greenthindisc.org [5]
>>
>> NO ONE CAN CHANGE THE PAST, EVERYONE CAN CHANGE THE FUTURE
>>
>> WHEN LIES TRUMP TRUTH, THE DARK AGES BEGIN
>>
>> On Feb 22, 2018, at 7:11 AM, Renaud de RICHTER
>> <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Thomas, any answer to my questions?
>> Best,
>> Renaud
>>
>> 2018-02-20 14:49 GMT+01:00 Renaud de RICHTER
>> <renaud.d...@gmail.com>:
>> COORDINATOR, SOIL CARBON ALLIANCE
>> COORDINATOR, UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES PARTNERSHIP IN NEW SUSTAINABLE
>> TECHNOLOGIES
>> 37 PLEASANT STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139
>> gor...@bestweb.net
>> www.globalcoral.org [1]
>> Skype: tomgoreau
>> Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 [2]
>>
>> BOOKS:
>>
>> GEOTHERAPY: INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION, CARBON
>> SEQUESTRATION, AND REVERSING CO2 INCREASE
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392 [3]
>>
>> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734 [4]
>>
>> THE GREEN DISC, NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR A NEW FUTURE: INNOVATIVE
>> METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> http://www.greenthindisc.org [5]
>>
>> NO ONE CAN CHANGE THE PAST, EVERYONE CAN CHANGE THE FUTURE
>>
>> WHEN LIES TRUMP TRUTH, THE DARK AGES BEGIN
>> Tel +1 413 563 9938 [6]
>> email: jca...@remineralize.org
>> http://www.remineralize.org [7]
>>
>> On Feb 20, 2018, at 9:04 AM, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>
>> wrote:
>>
>> I don’t know why you are having this discussion without Joanna
>> Campe of Remineralize the Earth, and Tom Vanacore of Rock Dust Local
>> (both cc’d on this message), as all these aspects are discussed in
>> detail in their web sites, and also in about half a dozen chapters
>> in the Geotherapy book.
>>
>> Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
>> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
>> President, Biorock Technology Inc.
>> COORDINATOR, SOIL CARBON ALLIANCE
>> COORDINATOR, UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES PARTNERSHIP IN NEW SUSTAINABLE
>> TECHNOLOGIES
>> 37 PLEASANT STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139
>> gor...@bestweb.net
>> www.globalcoral.org [1]
>> Skype: tomgoreau
>> Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 [2]
>>
>> BOOKS:
>>
>> GEOTHERAPY: INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION, CARBON
>> SEQUESTRATION, AND REVERSING CO2 INCREASE
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392 [3]
>>
>> Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
>> http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734 [4]
>>
>> THE GREEN DISC, NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR A NEW FUTURE: INNOVATIVE
>> METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
>> http://www.greenthindisc.org [5]
>>
>> NO ONE CAN CHANGE THE PAST, EVERYONE CAN CHANGE THE FUTURE
>>
>> WHEN LIES TRUMP TRUTH, THE DARK AGES BEGIN
>>
>> On Feb 19, 2018, at 10:38 PM, David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 4:44 PM, Sev Clarke <sevc...@me.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Kevin,
>> This idea from David Yarrow to extract and use rock dust already
>> produced by crushing operations seems much more of an economic and
>> ecological goer than crushing new basaltic/silicate rock just for
>> the purpose. I also like his idea of blending it with biochar, but
>> would add manure to prevent/minimise both the former materials from
>> blowing or being taken away by surface runoff, before spreading the
>> mixture (preferably in aqueous form) over fields or ripping it into
>> deeper soil for forestry and tree crop purposes. I am much less
>> enthused with generating biochar from seaweed, as seaweed has many
>> higher-value uses. There is enough low-grade terrestrial biomass, in
>> the form of dirty bark, twigs and weed species, to generate large
>> quantities of biochar using the energy-efficient and relatively
>> non-polluting WHC process.
>> Sev
>>
>> _WILLIAM S. CLARKE __BA, BSC, (MELB) MBA (STANFORD)_
>>
>> T: +613 5426 1330 [8] M: 0431 488 506
>> FROM: David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com>
>>
>> SUBJECT: RE: [CDR] FARMING WITH CROPS AND ROCKS TO ADDRESS GLOBAL
>> CLIMATE, FOOD AND SOIL SECURITY | NATURE PLANTS
>>
>> DATE: 20 February 2018 at 11:09:09 am AEDT
>>
>> TO: "Ronal W. Larson" <rongre...@comcast.net>, John Nissen
>> <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal
>> <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>,
>> FROM: Ronal W. Larson <rongre...@comcast.net>
>>
>> SUBJECT: RE: [CDR] FARMING WITH CROPS AND ROCKS TO ADDRESS GLOBAL
>> CLIMATE, FOOD AND SOIL SECURITY | NATURE PLANTS
>>
>> DATE: February 19, 2018 at 3:56:44 PM MST
>>
>> TO: John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal
>> <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>
>>
>> CC: David Yarrow <dya...@nycap.rr.com>, Thomas Goreau
>> <gor...@bestweb.net>
>>
>> John, cc Greg and list, adding 2 new ccs
>>
>> See inserts below.
>>
>> On Feb 19, 2018, at 3:37 PM, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Hi Greg,
>>
>> I just saw James Hansen has just published a paper on rock crushing
>> as well! I've not had time to read it.
>>
>>
> http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2018/20180219_RockDustInFarming_NewsRelease.pdf
>> [9]
>> [RWL: I HAven't found a free copy yet. Hope someone can send.
>>
>> Perhaps we need to combine rock crushing with biochar which may be
>> obtained in the necessary large quantities by pyrolysis of marine
>> biomass, e.g. from kelp farms.
>>
>> Ron, has the biochar community considered obtaining biomass from the
>> sea and/or combining biochar with crushed rock? farms.
>>
>> [RWL: THERE ARE TWO (AT LEAST) ACTIVE IN COMBINED ROCK DUST AND
>> BIOCHAR (THEY BEING CC’D): DAVID YARROW AND TOM GOREAU. BOTH
>> HAVE REPORTED SUCCESS.
>>
>> MICHAEL HAYES HAS BEEN VERY STRONG ON THIS LIST RE BIOCHAR FROM
>> OCEAN BIOMASS. I AM UNAWARE ANYONE DOING OCEAN-BASED BIOCHAR
>> COMMERCIALLY - BUT IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT IS HAPPENING.
>>
>> RON
>>
>> Cheers, John
>>
>> On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 6:02 PM, Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net>
>> wrote:
>>
>> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-018-0108-y [10]
>>
>> “The magnitude of future climate change could be moderated by
>> immediately reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere as a
>> result of energy generation and by adopting strategies that actively
>> remove CO2 from it. Biogeochemical improvement of soils by adding
>> crushed, fast-reacting silicate rocks to croplands is one such
>> CO2-removal strategy. This approach has the potential to improve
>> crop production, increase protection from pests and diseases, and
>> restore soil fertility and structure. Managed croplands worldwide
>> are already equipped for frequent rock dust additions to soils,
>> making rapid adoption at scale feasible, and the potential benefits
>> could generate financial incentives for widespread adoption in the
>> agricultural sector. However, there are still obstacles to be
>> surmounted. Audited field-scale assessments of the efficacy of CO2
>> capture are urgently required together with detailed environmental
>> monitoring. A cost-effective way to meet the rock requirements for
>> CO2 removal must be found, possibly involving the recycling of
>> silicate waste materials. Finally, issues of public perception,
>> trust and acceptance must also be addressed.”
>>
>> --
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
>> Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it,
>> send an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
>> To post to this group, send email to
>> CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com.
>> Visit this group at
>> https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval [11].
>> To view this discussion on the web visit
>>
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/D5F7876A-FB69-4ED3-AA84-84A6CC095DE2%40sbcglobal.net
>> [12].
>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout [13].
>>
>> --
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
>> Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it,
>> send an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
>> To post to this group, send email to
>> CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com.
>> Visit this group at
>> https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval [11].
>> To view this discussion on the web visit
>>
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CACS_FxrKmrMgaCgS08dvenrOf2XayCUi8_wX4b2XLM2ZK4KLKQ%40mail.gmail.com
>> [14].
>> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout [13].
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
> Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send
> an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
> To post to this group, send email to
> CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com.
> Visit this group at
> https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval [11].
> To view this discussion on the web visit
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAB5EiYA2P1HgRhiS%2Br-8iMLDN9xKc8EtRxNrpJaBYjsvN2JXgg%40mail.gmail.com
> [15].
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout [13].
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
> Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send
> an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
> To post to this group, send email to
> CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com.
> Visit this group at
> https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval [11].
> To view this discussion on the web visit
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/26248F0D-E8AC-4E2B-A72F-C9BBC32BC104%40bestweb.net
> [16].
>
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout [13].
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
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> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send
> an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
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> CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com.
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> https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval [11].
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> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAHodn99yDzqtg8NEf_Nv88N%3DUYsud3yXB1J8kduRrB1BbB1WHg%40mail.gmail.com
> [17].
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout [13].
>
>
>
> Links:
> ------
> [1] http://www.globalcoral.org/
> [2] tel:(617)%20864-4226
> [3] http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
> [4] http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
> [5] http://www.greenthindisc.org/
> [6] tel:(413)%20563-9938
> [7] http://www.remineralize.org/
> [8] tel:+61%203%205426%201330
> [9]
> http://www.columbia.edu/%7Ejeh1/mailings/2018/20180219_RockDustInFarming_NewsRelease.pdf
> [10] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-018-0108-y
> [11] https://groups.google.com/group/CarbonDioxideRemoval
> [12]
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/D5F7876A-FB69-4ED3-AA84-84A6CC095DE2%40sbcglobal.net
> [13] https://groups.google.com/d/optout
> [14]
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CACS_FxrKmrMgaCgS08dvenrOf2XayCUi8_wX4b2XLM2ZK4KLKQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=footer
> [15]
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAB5EiYA2P1HgRhiS%2Br-8iMLDN9xKc8EtRxNrpJaBYjsvN2JXgg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=footer
> [16]
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/26248F0D-E8AC-4E2B-A72F-C9BBC32BC104%40bestweb.net?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=footer
> [17]
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAHodn99yDzqtg8NEf_Nv88N%3DUYsud3yXB1J8kduRrB1BbB1WHg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=footer

--
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_http://gvix.org_
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_I would also like to see us evolve beyond blandly accepting that there
is
a difference between an individual who violates women and children and
members of a government whose political philosophy approves the
violation
of women and children in some other country to “make America more
secure.” All traumatized women and children are our traumatized women
and
children. All traumatized ecosystems are the one we have to live in._ —
Martin Holsinger, _Deep Green Perspective_

-------------------------

Thomas Goreau

unread,
Mar 1, 2018, 12:22:23 PM3/1/18
to Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, Soil Age, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Albert Bates, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
We have used the Biorock marine electrolysis method for more than 42 years to grow limestone structures of any size or shape in the sea. 

Besides being the only marine construction material that grows stronger with age and is self repairing if damaged, we also greatly increase the settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to environmental stresses of all marine organisms, so we keep whole ecosystems alive when they would die, and grow them back at record rates where there is no natural recovery (we also grow back severely eroded beaches in a few months). 

We also produce large amounts of limestone sand by accelerating growth of calcareous algae. 

The book is mainly about work on restoring coral reefs, but also contains chapters showing that we greatly increase seagrass and salt marsh growth both above and below ground, so we can grow them where all other methods of restoration fail, due to the plants being washed out by waves before their roots grow. 

We are planning to use the method to restore mangroves in Borneo and plan to quantify the carbo sequestration, as we think this will prove to be the most cost-effective carbon sink. 
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 22, 2018, at 8:55 AM, Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:

Thanks Thomas, I saw that in one of your books, almost all chapters talk about reefs or marine restoration by Electrolysis, Electrically Stimulated,  Electrical Current  Electrical Fields. Can you explain in a few words how it works? I'm new in this topic and ignorant in this field.

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration, Thomas J. Goreau, Robert Kent TrenchReef Restoration Using Seawater Electrolysis in Jamaica, Thomas J. Goreau and Wolf Hilbertz
Electrically Stimulated Corals in Indonesia Reef Restoration Projects Show Greatly Accelerated Growth Rates, Jamaludin Jompa, Suharto, Eka Marlina Anpusyahnur, Putra Nyoman Dwjja, Jobnico Subagio, Ilham Alimin, Rosihan Anwar, Syarif Syamsuddin, Thri Heni Utami Radiman, Heri Triyono, R. Ahmad Sue, and Nyoman Soeyasa

Biorock Reef Restoration in Gili Trawangan, North Lombok, Indonesia, Lalu Arifin Aria Bakti, Arben Virgota, Luh Putu Ayu Damayanti, Thri Heni Utami Radiman, Ambar Retnowulan, Hernawati, Abdus Sabil, and Delphine Robbe
Electrical Current Stimulates Coral Branching and Growth in Jakarta Bay, Neviaty P. Zamani, Khalid I. Abdallah, and Beginer Subhan
Electricity Protects Coral from Overgrowth by an Encrusting Sponge in Indonesia, Jens Nitzsche
Gorgonian Soft Corals Have Higher Growth and Survival in Electrical Fields, Diannisa Fitri and M. Aspari Rachman
Suitability of Mineral Accretion as a Rehabilitation Method for Cold-Water Coral Reefs, Susanna M. Strömberg, Tomas Lundälv, and Thomas J. Goreau
Utilization of Low-Voltage Electricity to Stimulate Cultivation of Pearl Oysters Pinctada maxima (Jameson), Prawita Tasya Karissa, Sukardi, Susilo Budi Priyono, N. Gustaf F. Mamangkey, and Joseph James Uel Taylor
Increased Oyster Growth and Survival Using Biorock Technology, Nikola Berger, Mara Haseltine, J. T. Boehm, and Thomas J. Goreau
Electrical Stimulation Increases Oyster Growth and Survival in Restoration Projects, Jason Shorr, James Cervino, Carmen Lin, Rand Weeks, and Thomas J. Goreau
Restoration of Seagrass Mats (Posidonia oceanica) with Electrical Stimulation, Raffaele Vaccarella and Thomas J. Goreau
Electrical Fields Increase Salt Marsh Survival and Growth and Speed Restoration in Adverse Conditions, James Cervino, Dajana Gjoza, Carmen Lin, Rand Weeks, and Thomas Goreau
Fish Postlarval Capture and Culture for Restoring Fisheries, Gilles Lecaillon
Mariculture Potential of Gracilaria Species [Rhodophyta] in Jamaican Nitrate-Enriched Back-Reef Habitats: Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Elemental Composition, Arlen Havenner Macfarlane
Sustainable Reef Design to Optimize Habitat Restoration, Mara G. Haseltine
Marine Ecosystem Electrotherapy: Practice and Theory, Thomas J. Goreau

2018-02-22 14:12 GMT+01:00 Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>:
Most of the best work by soil fertility regenerators, like David Yarrow, is not published in academic journals.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 22, 2018, at 7:11 AM, Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:

Thomas, any answer to my questions?
Best,
Renaud
2018-02-20 14:49 GMT+01:00 Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com>:
Dear Thomas,
Four months ago I have searched bibliography of peer reviewed articles on mineral weathering performed at the same time than composting, or  mineral weathering performed at the same time making biochar and unfortunately I did not found anything.
Is there something new? Is there something older that I have missed? 
Best regards
Renaud

2018-02-20 14:38 GMT+01:00 Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>:
Dear Joanna,

You are completely right that enhanced mineral weathering needs to be placed in the context of soil fertility enhancement. 

Most reviews considered only physical chemical weathering, and found it required expensively fine ground powder to speed up. 

But biological weathering is orders of magnitude faster!

Especially when rock powder is mixed with biochar and compost and beneficial micro-organisms!

Integrating enhanced weathering with biochar and regenerating intense soil mineral recycling in regenerative agriculture and forestry and pasture is the way to draw down CO2 the fastest.

Best wishes,
Tom
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 20, 2018, at 6:11 AM, Joanna Campe <joanna...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Tom and everyone,

Thank you so much for your comment! I really appreciate David's response, as well as Steve Diver. About a week ago I felt a strong need to speak further about placing remineralization within this listserv and  movement as a pioneer of regenerative agriculture. I also wanted to mention it's importance, acknowledge it's success particularly in Brazil in agroecology as well as the most sophisticated work from scientists and policymakers. Two laws have been passed through Congress.

There is so much I would like to say and share, and for the last week in Brazil, I've been having some internet and computer issues  and my dictation program which I rely on. I have been wanting to take a leap and jump into the discussion since the discussion began between Tom and Paul Hawken.

While I am here I will be meeting with the World Agroforestry Centre around collaboration and finding a team that could potentially  set up workshops in the post hurricane Caribbean, Africa and elsewhere based on the work of Ernst Gotsch. 

Only one application of rock dust or minerals is needed to jumpstart food forests that grow all fruits and vegetables, coffee and cacao in one system, with no outside inputs thereafter. It is the most inspiring agroforestry model that I have seen and we will be advocating through RTE. Please see the documentary, From Garden to Forest...

We are also looking for funding for a project in Cameroon that has a product called QuikGro that is a very highly successful   project using a combination of biotar and rock dust. The rock dust is from the area of Mount Cameroon, a pyroclastic ash that is locally available. We hope to send a new small portable innovative rock grinder when we have funding that would greatly increase the  output and their production. This project is headed up by a professor from the University of Georgia. Dr. Valentine Nzengung They have a contract with the Cameron Development Corporation and the demand for increased production is great.

We have a large collection of studies from Brazil in our research database on the website, unfortunately we do not have a coordinator for the English studies at this time. We have about 100 studies from recent conferences that need to be translated, but there is a tremendous amount of ongoing research in Brazil through EMBRAPA in 12 locations and the universities.

As far as industrial farming, Tom Vanacore and I were in Indiana in the fall and I think he would have a lot to share as well as the  research going on at the university of Illinois with the UK team which is now focused on sequestering carbon with basalt.  

I work with about 20-30 volunteers on a project management system, Basecamp: mainly graduate students, some scientists and other professionals. This year I hope to focus on bringing us larger funding to fulfill our mission.

I am not able to touch  in on everything we are working on here.

Dan Kittredge would be very welcome here in this discussion as well! Dr Ingram has mentioned that minerals are not necessary as an amendment for many years now and I would love to see that addressed  in another discussion. There are many people out there combining compost teas and rock dust, including a  large farm cooperative in Mexico that has a  yearly conference. There is a very large part of the earth not touched by glaciers and volcanic eruptions, etc. At the University of Copenhagen, scientists are looking to see how they can get the Greenland mud to the tropics to address social inequities and create food security. Rich countries have rich soils and poor countries have poor soils normally. They have a great Ted Talk, but without my computer I can't put the link here. Sorry, I don't want to get carried away, especially because I can't organize this very well on my iPhone and please forgive any editing that I was not able to do.

My very best to all of you! 

Joanna on iPhone

Joanna Campe, Executive Director
Remineralize the Earth
152 South Street
Northampton, MA 01060 USA
 

On Feb 20, 2018, at 9:04 AM, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net> wrote:

I don’t know why you are having this discussion without Joanna Campe of Remineralize the Earth, and Tom Vanacore of Rock Dust Local (both cc’d on this message), as all these aspects are discussed in detail in their web sites, and also in about half a dozen chapters in the Geotherapy book.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 19, 2018, at 10:38 PM, David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com> wrote:

On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 4:44 PM, Sev Clarke <sevc...@me.com> wrote:
Kevin,
This idea from David Yarrow to extract and use rock dust already produced by crushing operations seems much more of an economic and ecological goer than crushing new basaltic/silicate rock just for the purpose. I also like his idea of blending it with biochar, but would add manure to prevent/minimise both the former materials from blowing or being taken away by surface runoff, before spreading the mixture (preferably in aqueous form) over fields or ripping it into deeper soil for forestry and tree crop purposes. I am much less enthused with generating biochar from seaweed, as seaweed has many higher-value uses. There is enough low-grade terrestrial biomass, in the form of dirty bark, twigs and weed species, to generate large quantities of biochar using the energy-efficient and relatively non-polluting WHC process.
Sev 
William S. Clarke    BA, BSc, (Melb) MBA (Stanford)
T: +613 5426 1330                 M: 0431 488 506

Begin forwarded message:
From: David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: 20 February 2018 at 11:09:09 am AEDT
To: "Ronal W. Larson" <rongre...@comcast.net>, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

Begin forwarded message:

From: Ronal W. Larson <rongre...@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: February 19, 2018 at 3:56:44 PM MST
To: John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>
Cc: David Yarrow <dya...@nycap.rr.com>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

John,  cc Greg and list,  adding 2 new ccs

See inserts below.


On Feb 19, 2018, at 3:37 PM, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Greg,

I just saw James Hansen has just published a paper on rock crushing as well!  I've not had time to read it.

http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2018/20180219_RockDustInFarming_NewsRelease.pdf

[RWL:   I haven't found a free copy yet.  Hope someone can send.


Perhaps we need to combine rock crushing with biochar which may be obtained in the necessary large quantities by pyrolysis of marine biomass, e.g. from kelp farms.
Ron, has the biochar community considered obtaining biomass from the sea and/or combining biochar with crushed rock? farms.  

[RWL:  There are two (at least) active in combined rock dust and biochar (they being cc’d):  David Yarrow and Tom Goreau.  Both have reported success.
Michael Hayes has been very strong on this list re biochar from ocean biomass.  I am unaware anyone doing ocean-based biochar commercially - but it seems likely that is happening.

Ron
Cheers, John


On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 6:02 PM, Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net> wrote:
“The magnitude of future climate change could be moderated by immediately reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere as a result of energy generation and by adopting strategies that actively remove CO2 from it. Biogeochemical improvement of soils by adding crushed, fast-reacting silicate rocks to croplands is one such CO2-removal strategy. This approach has the potential to improve crop production, increase protection from pests and diseases, and restore soil fertility and structure. Managed croplands worldwide are already equipped for frequent rock dust additions to soils, making rapid adoption at scale feasible, and the potential benefits could generate financial incentives for widespread adoption in the agricultural sector. However, there are still obstacles to be surmounted. Audited field-scale assessments of the efficacy of CO2 capture are urgently required together with detailed environmental monitoring. A cost-effective way to meet the rock requirements for CO2 removal must be found, possibly involving the recycling of silicate waste materials. Finally, issues of public perception, trust and acceptance must also be addressed.”

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Thomas Goreau

unread,
Mar 1, 2018, 12:23:10 PM3/1/18
to soil...@googlegroups.com, Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
That’s exactly why we advocate rock powder, biochar, compost, and beneficial microorganisms as a one time, long lasting, slow release natural fertilizer, to increase carbon storage and recycling.

What is most criminally irresponsible about BECCS is that it treats carbon as waste to be hidden away, and prevented from being the raw material for recycling!

Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
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Benoit Lambert

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Mar 5, 2018, 10:14:56 AM3/5/18
to Soil Age, Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Willie Smits, James Hansen, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
Thomas, 
Following these amazing exchanges, here I am reading Geotherapy for a second time !!, including on rock dust and David Yarrow's.
You write: 
"That’s exactly why we advocate rock powder, biochar, compost, and beneficial microorganisms as a one time, long lasting, slow release natural fertilizer, to increase carbon storage and recycling."
Rock powder, biochar, compost... sounds as THE powerful approach combining minerals, structure and life. Can we green deserts if we put those together, with water? 
Just to make sure I am not missing something, what do you refer to when adding 'and beneficial microorganism'? Aren't they coming with the compost?


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Thomas Goreau

unread,
Mar 7, 2018, 3:24:09 PM3/7/18
to Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, Soil Age, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Albert Bates, Willie Smits, je...@columbia.edu, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
Most of the best work by soil fertility regenerators, like David Yarrow, is not published in academic journals.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 22, 2018, at 7:11 AM, Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com> wrote:

Thomas, any answer to my questions?
Best,
Renaud
2018-02-20 14:49 GMT+01:00 Renaud de RICHTER <renaud.d...@gmail.com>:
Dear Thomas,
Four months ago I have searched bibliography of peer reviewed articles on mineral weathering performed at the same time than composting, or  mineral weathering performed at the same time making biochar and unfortunately I did not found anything.
Is there something new? Is there something older that I have missed? 
Best regards
Renaud

2018-02-20 14:38 GMT+01:00 Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>:
Dear Joanna,

You are completely right that enhanced mineral weathering needs to be placed in the context of soil fertility enhancement. 

Most reviews considered only physical chemical weathering, and found it required expensively fine ground powder to speed up. 

But biological weathering is orders of magnitude faster!

Especially when rock powder is mixed with biochar and compost and beneficial micro-organisms!

Integrating enhanced weathering with biochar and regenerating intense soil mineral recycling in regenerative agriculture and forestry and pasture is the way to draw down CO2 the fastest.

Best wishes,
Tom
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 20, 2018, at 6:11 AM, Joanna Campe <joanna...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Tom and everyone,

Thank you so much for your comment! I really appreciate David's response, as well as Steve Diver. About a week ago I felt a strong need to speak further about placing remineralization within this listserv and  movement as a pioneer of regenerative agriculture. I also wanted to mention it's importance, acknowledge it's success particularly in Brazil in agroecology as well as the most sophisticated work from scientists and policymakers. Two laws have been passed through Congress.

There is so much I would like to say and share, and for the last week in Brazil, I've been having some internet and computer issues  and my dictation program which I rely on. I have been wanting to take a leap and jump into the discussion since the discussion began between Tom and Paul Hawken.

While I am here I will be meeting with the World Agroforestry Centre around collaboration and finding a team that could potentially  set up workshops in the post hurricane Caribbean, Africa and elsewhere based on the work of Ernst Gotsch. 

Only one application of rock dust or minerals is needed to jumpstart food forests that grow all fruits and vegetables, coffee and cacao in one system, with no outside inputs thereafter. It is the most inspiring agroforestry model that I have seen and we will be advocating through RTE. Please see the documentary, From Garden to Forest...

We are also looking for funding for a project in Cameroon that has a product called QuikGro that is a very highly successful   project using a combination of biotar and rock dust. The rock dust is from the area of Mount Cameroon, a pyroclastic ash that is locally available. We hope to send a new small portable innovative rock grinder when we have funding that would greatly increase the  output and their production. This project is headed up by a professor from the University of Georgia. Dr. Valentine Nzengung They have a contract with the Cameron Development Corporation and the demand for increased production is great.

We have a large collection of studies from Brazil in our research database on the website, unfortunately we do not have a coordinator for the English studies at this time. We have about 100 studies from recent conferences that need to be translated, but there is a tremendous amount of ongoing research in Brazil through EMBRAPA in 12 locations and the universities.

As far as industrial farming, Tom Vanacore and I were in Indiana in the fall and I think he would have a lot to share as well as the  research going on at the university of Illinois with the UK team which is now focused on sequestering carbon with basalt.  

I work with about 20-30 volunteers on a project management system, Basecamp: mainly graduate students, some scientists and other professionals. This year I hope to focus on bringing us larger funding to fulfill our mission.

I am not able to touch  in on everything we are working on here.

Dan Kittredge would be very welcome here in this discussion as well! Dr Ingram has mentioned that minerals are not necessary as an amendment for many years now and I would love to see that addressed  in another discussion. There are many people out there combining compost teas and rock dust, including a  large farm cooperative in Mexico that has a  yearly conference. There is a very large part of the earth not touched by glaciers and volcanic eruptions, etc. At the University of Copenhagen, scientists are looking to see how they can get the Greenland mud to the tropics to address social inequities and create food security. Rich countries have rich soils and poor countries have poor soils normally. They have a great Ted Talk, but without my computer I can't put the link here. Sorry, I don't want to get carried away, especially because I can't organize this very well on my iPhone and please forgive any editing that I was not able to do.

My very best to all of you! 

Joanna on iPhone

Joanna Campe, Executive Director
Remineralize the Earth
152 South Street
Northampton, MA 01060 USA
 

On Feb 20, 2018, at 9:04 AM, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net> wrote:

I don’t know why you are having this discussion without Joanna Campe of Remineralize the Earth, and Tom Vanacore of Rock Dust Local (both cc’d on this message), as all these aspects are discussed in detail in their web sites, and also in about half a dozen chapters in the Geotherapy book.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
On Feb 19, 2018, at 10:38 PM, David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com> wrote:

On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 4:44 PM, Sev Clarke <sevc...@me.com> wrote:
Kevin,
This idea from David Yarrow to extract and use rock dust already produced by crushing operations seems much more of an economic and ecological goer than crushing new basaltic/silicate rock just for the purpose. I also like his idea of blending it with biochar, but would add manure to prevent/minimise both the former materials from blowing or being taken away by surface runoff, before spreading the mixture (preferably in aqueous form) over fields or ripping it into deeper soil for forestry and tree crop purposes. I am much less enthused with generating biochar from seaweed, as seaweed has many higher-value uses. There is enough low-grade terrestrial biomass, in the form of dirty bark, twigs and weed species, to generate large quantities of biochar using the energy-efficient and relatively non-polluting WHC process.
Sev 
William S. Clarke    BA, BSc, (Melb) MBA (Stanford)
T: +613 5426 1330                 M: 0431 488 506

Begin forwarded message:
From: David Yarrow <dyar...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: 20 February 2018 at 11:09:09 am AEDT
To: "Ronal W. Larson" <rongre...@comcast.net>, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

Begin forwarded message:

From: Ronal W. Larson <rongre...@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security | Nature Plants
Date: February 19, 2018 at 3:56:44 PM MST
To: John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com>, Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>, Greg Rau <ra...@llnl.gov>
Cc: David Yarrow <dya...@nycap.rr.com>, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net>

John,  cc Greg and list,  adding 2 new ccs

See inserts below.


On Feb 19, 2018, at 3:37 PM, John Nissen <johnnis...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi Greg,

I just saw James Hansen has just published a paper on rock crushing as well!  I've not had time to read it.

http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2018/20180219_RockDustInFarming_NewsRelease.pdf

[RWL:   I haven't found a free copy yet.  Hope someone can send.


Perhaps we need to combine rock crushing with biochar which may be obtained in the necessary large quantities by pyrolysis of marine biomass, e.g. from kelp farms.
Ron, has the biochar community considered obtaining biomass from the sea and/or combining biochar with crushed rock? farms.  

[RWL:  There are two (at least) active in combined rock dust and biochar (they being cc’d):  David Yarrow and Tom Goreau.  Both have reported success.
Michael Hayes has been very strong on this list re biochar from ocean biomass.  I am unaware anyone doing ocean-based biochar commercially - but it seems likely that is happening.

Ron
Cheers, John


On Mon, Feb 19, 2018 at 6:02 PM, Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net> wrote:
“The magnitude of future climate change could be moderated by immediately reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere as a result of energy generation and by adopting strategies that actively remove CO2 from it. Biogeochemical improvement of soils by adding crushed, fast-reacting silicate rocks to croplands is one such CO2-removal strategy. This approach has the potential to improve crop production, increase protection from pests and diseases, and restore soil fertility and structure. Managed croplands worldwide are already equipped for frequent rock dust additions to soils, making rapid adoption at scale feasible, and the potential benefits could generate financial incentives for widespread adoption in the agricultural sector. However, there are still obstacles to be surmounted. Audited field-scale assessments of the efficacy of CO2 capture are urgently required together with detailed environmental monitoring. A cost-effective way to meet the rock requirements for CO2 removal must be found, possibly involving the recycling of silicate waste materials. Finally, issues of public perception, trust and acceptance must also be addressed.”

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Thomas Goreau

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Mar 7, 2018, 3:25:25 PM3/7/18
to Undisclosed recipients, Soil Age, Renaud de RICHTER, Joanna Campe, David J Beerling, David Yarrow, joanna campe, Thomas Vanacore, Carbon Dioxide Removal, John Nissen, Greg Rau, Ron, Sev Clarke, Paul Hawken, Rola Khoury, John Liu, Marcy Cravat, Andrew Nisker, Willie Smits, James Hansen, Schuiling, R.D. (Olaf), Oliver Tickell, david....@ncl.ac.uk
The maxim is often attributed to Baas-Becking, and claimed to be from Beijerinck, but the concept is clearly laid out in Waksman’s 1927 book on Principles of Soil Microbiology.

He also points out that about half the carbon in many soils are fungal hyphae, so glomalin’s importance was long established even if the term itself is a neologism rather than a new concept.


Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin

On Mar 5, 2018, at 8:15 PM, Thomas Goreau <gor...@bestweb.net> wrote:

That’s a good question. The old traditional view of microbiology used the maxim “everything is everywhere, the environment selects” (this goes back about a hundred years to Selman Waksman), suggesting that if you added a particular type of carbon food, a bacteria specialized in that material would grow and consume it.  If that were true, probiotic inoculation would provide no benefits. Symbiotic microorganisms, such as mycorrhizae, which are dependent on particular other species, such as plants are a case in point. When Jamaican pine trees were transplanted to Puerto Rico, they all died, until somebody brought some Jamaican soil to plant them in, then they thrived, even though the climate is essentially identical. Orchid growers are very aware of the necessity of inoculating orchid seeds with microorganisms to allow them to grow. 

Those who promote beneficial microbial inoculation, regard them as absolutely essential. It seems that may be true of some, but not of all microorganisms. The most abundant soil bacteria by numbers based on DNA analysis turn out to be unknown because nobody knows how to culture them, so we don’t know what they eat. And they in turn seem to have different dominant soil populations in different soil type and climate regimes. 

Compost is not a uniform material, and each different source material in compost will require different sets of micro-organisms to decompose it. 

Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Coordinator, Soil Carbon Alliance
Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States Partnership in New Sustainable Technologies
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139

Books:

Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase

Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration

The Green Disc, New Technologies for a New Future: Innovative Methods for Sustainable Development

No one can change the past, everyone can change the future

When lies trump truth, the dark ages begin
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